<p>Phoenice or Phoenike  was an ancient Greek city in Epirus and capital of the Chaonians. It was also the location of the Treaty of Phoenice which ended the First Macedonian War, as well as one of the wealthiest cities in Epirus until the Roman conquest. During the early Byzantine period, Phoenice was the see of a bishopric. The city is an archaeological park of Albania and is located on a hill above a modern town which bears the same name, Finiq, in modern southern Albania.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The city was the political center of the Chaones, one of the three major Greek tribes in ancient Epirus. In circa 233 BC, Queen Deidamia II, the last member of the Aeacid ruling dynasty, was assassinated, the monarchy was abolished in Epirus, and the city became the center of the federal government of the Epirote League.</p><br>
<p>In 231 BC, an Illyrian army of Queen Teuta, returning north from a raid in the Peloponnese, captured Phoenice after the town was surrendered by the 800 Gaulish mercenary garrison. which would eventually lead to the First Illyrian War. In 205 BC, a peace treaty was signed there between the Kingdom of Macedon and the Roman Republic that ended the First Macedonian War. During the Third Macedonian War (171 BC–168 BC), Epirus was split into two states with the Molossians siding with the Macedonians and the Chaonians and Thesprotians siding with Rome. The latter were centered in Phoenice under the leadership of Charops. After the Roman conquest (167 BC), the region of Epirus was devastated except for the pro-Roman supporters in Chaonia. During the following centuries, Phoenice and nearby Antigoneia did not reveal strong traces of Roman presence.</p><br>
<p>In the early Byzantine era, Emperor Justinian I (r. 527–565) constructed fortifications on a hill adjacent to Phoenice. During the 5th and 6th centuries, the city was listed as a see of a bishopric and hosted a number of religious buildings including a baptistery and a basilica, which were influenced by the architectural style of the great basilicas of Nikopolis. Phoenice was one of the main settlements in Epirus Vetus together with Nicopolis, Dodona, Euroia, Andrianoupolis, Anhiasmos, Vouthroton, Photike, Corfu and Ithaka. However, the city vanished after the 6th century and the urban center of the area moved to nearby Mesopotamon.</p><br>
<h2>20th century excavations</h2><br>
<p>Formal excavations in the area started in 1924 by an Italian Archaeological Mission as a political tool for Mussolinis nationalistic ambitions to the east of the Adriatic. During 1924–1928, French and Italian archaeologists found a few "Illyrian" artifacts in Phoenice. In fact, the Italian mission headed by the fascist prehistorian, Luigi Ugolini, hoped that the prehistoric graves that would be discovered could be attributed to the Illyrians in order exploit Albanian nationalist sentiment, but the finds themselves were hardly stunning. Ugolini also stated that materials found there were related to the Iron Age culture of southern Italy. Ugolinis thesis was later politically exploited by the Italian government. In 1928, a year after an Italo-Albanian economic and military pact, Ugolini talked about "three thousand years of friendship" during a lecture in Rome.</p><br>
<p>After 1928, excavations moved to the nearby archaeological sites of Kalivo and Çuka e Aitoit (or Mount Eagle) and continued until 1943. After the war, excavations resumed in 1958 by a joint Albanian-USSR archaeological team, which included a thorough topographic survey and mapping. After 1961, when a political rift occurred between Albania and the USSR, excavations continued under Albanian authorities. A complete report of these excavations has not been published. Some parts of the work were published by Albanian archaeologists Bace and Bushati in 1989, reporting Hellenistic domiciles, Roman houses, and other finds dating from the 4th century BC to the 4th century AD. The authors found the opportunity to strengthen the nationalistic paradigm of Illyrian-Albanian continuity by reporting similarities of these houses and the medieval Albanian ones. They also found an "egalitarian" nature among the excavated dwellings, in line with the philosophy of communist "self-reliance" promoted by the Albanian state during that period.</p><br>
<h2>2012 looting incident</h2><br>
<p>In June 2012, looters broke into a Hellenistic-era tomb located on the road that connected Phoenice to its hinterland. The looters reportedly used heavy construction equipment to dig a trench several meters deep through the hillside, scattering the stones of the tomb in the process. Looting of archeological sites remains a widespread problem in Albania.</p><br>
<p>Curtain Fig Tree is a heritage-listed tree at Curtain Fig Tree Road, Yungaburra, Tablelands Region, Queensland, Australia. It is one of the largest trees in Tropical North Queensland, Australia, and one of the best known attractions on the Atherton Tableland. It is located just out of Yungaburra. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 3 December 2009.</p><br>
<h2>Growth of a strangler fig</h2><br>
<p>The Curtain Fig Tree is of the strangler fig species Ficus virens. Normally these figs germinate on top of another tree and try to grow roots into the ground. Once this important step is accomplished, the fig will grow vigorously, finally kill the hosting tree and then grow on independently. In this case, the hosting tree tilted towards the next one; the fig also grows around that one. Its curtain of aerial roots drops 15 metres (49 feet) to the ground.</p><br>
<p>Although these figs kill their hosts, they are an epiphyte which basically feeds from the ground, unlike a parasitic plant which feeds from the sap of the host plant/tree.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Far North Queensland&#39;s famous Curtain Fig Tree (Ficus virens) is located in a national park about one kilometre north of the town of Yungaburra on the Atherton Tableland. It is estimated by the Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service to be at least 500 years old. Associated with organised tourism on the Tableland since the 1920s, the tree has been important in the development of the Cairns hinterland as a major tourist region in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>Since the 1890s the tropical vegetation of the Atherton Tableland has been known variously as scrub, jungle and more recently, mabi rainforest. The term "rainforest" was coined in 1898 but it was not a descriptor applied to the tropical vegetation of the Cairns region until the 1970s. Mabi rainforest was classified in the 1960s by ecologists, based on its physical characteristics and species composition. The name "mabi" is derived from a local Aboriginal word for the rare Lumholtz&#39;s tree-kangaroo, the largest mammal found in this rainforest. Logging, agriculture and urban development on the Tableland has resulted in significant loss of mabi rainforest and it is listed as endangered under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.</p><br>
<p>Early non-indigenous visitors to the Atherton Tableland often viewed the scrub in Romantic terms, fascinated by the dense and luxurious vegetation, especially the enormous trees covered with vines, and delicate and unusual ferns and orchids. A number of early twentieth century tourist attractions in the region, such as Fairyland (1907) and the Maze (1923) at Kuranda developed reflecting this view of the scrub. Other early commentators saw the fecundity of the scrub in a less favourable light, referring to it as gloomy, dank, and swarming with insects.</p><br>
<p>Ways of seeing the rainforest began to shift in the 1920s from the Romantic view of nature as a collection of fascinating curiosities and grand and sublime landscapes, to an ecological paradigm which views nature as a systemic interrelationship between all living things including humans, and their environment. In the 1930s the North Queensland Naturalists&#39; Club lobbied for language change, seeking to replace "scrub", often used in a derogatory manner, by "jungle", in a bid to change community attitudes to the rainforest. Valuing the rainforest gained momentum with the rise of the environmental movement in the 1960s and 1970s.</p><br>
<p>Giant strangler figs such as the Curtain Fig Tree were considered to be wonders (or even freaks) of nature. Strangler figs are a parasitic species of tree that develop when the seed of a fig germinates on the top of another tree and then tries to plant its roots in the ground. Once the root system is established, the fig grows vigorously, finally killing the host tree and then growing independently. The unusual formation of the Curtain Fig Tree was created when its vertical roots strangled the host causing it to fall into a neighbouring tree on a 45 degree angle. The extensive aerial roots of the strangler fig then dropped from the oblique angle of the fallen tree 15m to the forest floor, forming a "curtain". North Queensland strangler figs were portrayed photographically in The Queenslander from as early as 1896 and on postcards soon after 1900.</p><br>
<p>Descriptions of unusual tropical vegetation such as the giant strangler figs began to appear in tourist guides from the 1920s. The Curtain Fig Tree was well known as a tourist attraction by the 1920s when Whitecars, a local hire-car service, commenced day tours of the southern Tableland, stopping to view the giant tree. Prior to this the only comfortable travel available to visitors to the southern Tableland was by train via the Kuranda Railway. Whitecars was established by Les Battle and Norm Graham, who developed a timetabled taxi service between Malanda, Yungaburra and Atherton, and between Malanda and Millaa Millaa, with three cars. They took advantage of the 1926 opening of the Gillies Highway, linking the southern Tableland with Cairns, to take Ned Williams into partnership as The Cairns Tableland Motor Service Ltd (known locally as Whitecars), to capitalise on the expected influx of tourists. In 1927 the company won the tender to transport passengers between Cairns and the southern Tableland via the Gillies Highway, and to operate day tours on the Tableland out of Yungaburra. In 1934 Whitecars introduced its first bus, capable of carrying 17 passengers. The development of Whitecars was integral to the development of tourism on the Tablelands and led to the increased popularity of attractions such as the Curtain Fig Tree.</p><br>
<p>By the 1950s the Curtain Fig Tree was included in the Grand Tour/Tropical Wonderland Tour itineraries promoted by the Queensland Government Tourist Bureau (by then part of Queensland Railways). The Grand Tour operated during the winter months when a P&O ship would arrive at Cairns each week from Melbourne and Brisbane carrying around 200 passengers for a six day stay in the region. Upon arrival passengers could join the Tropical Wonderland Tour, which included being taken by Whitecars to visit the attractions of the Atherton Tableland, including the Curtain Fig Tree.</p><br>
<p>As tourism diversified and private car ownership became more commonplace in the 1960s, tourism numbers to the Cairns hinterland increased, as did numbers visiting the Curtain Fig Tree. More tours became available and the tree was included on the itinerary of the Tableland Circular Tour in 1966. The popularity of the tree continued unabated and it was included in more tours during the 1970s including the Atherton Tableland Tour.</p><br>
<p>The Curtain Fig Tree remains a tourist attraction, but advances in science and a greater understanding of the natural environment mean the tree is now seen and portrayed in ecological terms. Since the 1970s the area surrounding the Curtain Fig Tree has changed considerably: undergrowth has been trimmed back; interpretative signage educates tourists about the formation of the tree; and a boardwalk guides visitors to the tree. In December 1988 the Curtain Fig became part of the newly created Wet Tropics World Heritage Area, which consisted of 8,990 square kilometres of Far North Queensland rainforest.</p><br>
<p>A boardwalk was constructed in 2001 to allow wheelchair access for the disabled and to provide further protection for the tree and its surrounds, while permitting visitors to view it from all angles. Large numbers of tourists continue to visit the Curtain Fig Tree every year independently or as part of an organised tour. In 1994, 58,000 people arrived in commercial vehicles and 123,000 in private vehicles.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Curtain Fig Tree (Ficus virens) is situated on Curtain Fig Tree Road approximately one kilometre north of the town of Yungaburra, in the Curtain Fig National Park within the Wet Tropics World Heritage Area. The vegetation type indigenous to the area is mabi rainforest (complex notophyll vine forest), now classified as endangered.</p><br>
<p>The Curtain Fig Tree is approximately 50m high with a trunk circumference of 39m. The canopy extends in a radius of approximately 30m from the trunk of the tree. Extensive aerial roots, which are now thick and interwoven, drop 15m to the forest floor, forming a curtain oriented north-west to south-east over approximately 7m. The host tree has since rotted away and the fig is now a free-standing tree.</p><br>
<p>Access to the Curtain Fig Tree which is approximately 50 metres from the road is via a 2m wide timber boardwalk from the roadside car park. At the beginning of the boardwalk there is a sheltered interpretation board that outlines the importance of the mabi rainforest and the history of the Curtain Fig Tree. The boardwalk then encircles the Curtain Fig. This boardwalk is easily accessible to wheelchairs and is raised above the forest floor (approximately 800mm) which also ensures visitors have minimal impact on the surrounding rainforest. Another interpretation board outlining how the tree was formed is located towards the end of the boardwalk, near the western face of the tree.</p><br>
<p>At the base of the Curtain Fig are timber posts and stones, remnants of a previous boardwalk that once passed much closer to the base of the tree. The boardwalk and interpretative signage are not considered to be of cultural heritage significance.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>The Curtain Fig Tree was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 3 December 2009 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Curtain Fig Tree (Ficus virens), a 500-year old strangler fig that has been associated with organised tourism on the Atherton Tableland since the 1920s, is important for its association with the evolution of tourism in Far North Queensland, demonstrating the attraction of the North Queensland natural environment for tourists. Its popularity is associated with the impact of the motor vehicle on Far North Queensland tourism. As an unusual natural phenomenon, the tree evoked a sense of wonder and curiosity amongst settlers on the Atherton Tableland in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and has been one of the most tourist-visited large trees on the Tableland since the 1920s. It remains a popular tourist destination.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The Curtain Fig Tree is an imposing and distinctive tree set within rare mabi rainforest. It is valued for its immense size and the curtain effect that has resulted from the thick and interwoven vertical root system. The tree&#39;s verdant and luxuriant growth has been valued by locals and tourists from the 1920s, and evokes a sense of awe, wonder, amazement and curiosity.</p><br>
<p>St Catherine&#39;s Chapel is a small chapel situated on a hill above the village of Abbotsbury in Dorset, England. It is dedicated to Saint Catherine. It is now in the guardianship of English Heritage, and has been Grade I Listed since January 1956.</p><br>
<p>The chapel is best seen from the viewpoint on the B3157 Abbotsbury to Bridport road, with Chesil Beach in the background. The medieval strip lynchets etched into the side of the hill are known locally as the Chapel Rings.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Although no records survive of the chapels construction, the chapel has been dated in style to the late 14th century, the same time as Abbotsburys tithe barn was built. The chapel is built on a definite platform which could have been originally for a pagan temple. St Catherine&#39;s Chapel was built as a place of pilgrimage and retreat by the monks of the nearby Benedictine monastery Abbotsbury Abbey, which the chapel overlooks high up on the hilltop. Its position on the top of a hill about 80 m (260 ft) high, overlooking the coast from Portland Bill to Bridport, meant that it was a prominent feature for seafarers. Only a handful of chapels of the same kind are located outside the precincts of the monasteries who constructed them. The isolated setting of the chapel granted the monks to withdraw from the monastery during Lent for private prayer and meditation.</p><br>
<p>In the 16th century the main abbey buildings were destroyed in the dissolution of the monasteries, but the chapel survived, most likely due to its usefulness as a coastal beacon and sea-mark. In later times a navigation light used to be lit at the top of the stair turret. The chapel was repaired in 1742 and the late 19th century, but is largely unaltered.</p><br>
<p>Under the care of English Heritage, the chapel is open over the peak season, with free entry. Abbotsburys local parish holds several informal services at St Catherines Chapel during the year, usually in the latter half of the year, from June to December.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The construction of the chapel, which has a rectangular structure, is entirely of locally quarried ashlar golden buff limestone. It is notably robust in order to withstand the elements; the walls are 4 ft thick and supported by stout buttresses, and the roof and even the panelled ceiling are also made of stone. The construction allows rainwater to drain off the roof through holes in the parapet wall between the buttresses. In the north-west corner is a tower. At the north-east corner a stair turret, octagonal on the outside, rises above the roof and gives access to the parapet. There is also a tiny oratory at roof level. The buttresses and the stair turret would have been originally crowned with pinnacles. A porch was constructed on both north and south walls. The stone slab roof was renewed during 1983 in Clipsham stone.</p><br>
<p>The chapel has an effect of looking far larger than it really is. The high walls and tall parapets were designed to impress, and this sense of splendour is further enhanced by the chapels lofty position. Within the interior of the chapel, stained glass windows and details of the roof picked out in bright colours would have been the effect in medieval times. At the vaultings intersections are bosses carved with foliage, figure subjects and animals. The chapel&#39;s main window is a large triple window on the east wall, although there are smaller windows on other walls.</p><br>
<h2>Tradition of St Catherine</h2><br>
<p>St Catherine is the patron saint of spinsters and virgins, particularly those in search of husbands, and until the late 19th century the chapel had a local tradition where young women of Abbotsbury would wish, which involved using the niches provided (one for a knee and two other two holes for the hands) in the east jamb of the south doorway to post prayers and make a wish to the saint asking for her help and aid. A traditional prayer used here says:</p><br>
<p>A husband, St Catherine,</p><br>
<p>A handsome one, St Catherine,</p><br>
<p>A rich one, St Catherine,</p><br>
<p>A nice one, St Catherine,</p><br>
<p>And soon, St Catherine.</p><br>
<p>In the local dialect version the request ends with the expression "Arn-a-ones better than Narn-a-one", meaning that anyone is better than never a one&#39;.</p><br>
<p>The dedication of the chapel to St Catherine of Alexandria is rare, but her cult was one of the most popular in medieval England. It was St Augustine&#39;s policy that his priests, sent out from Rome around 600 A.D. to convert the English, should replace pagan temples with Christian churches and chapels. The early Christian missionaries would naturally try to choose a patron saint that continued, as closely as possible, the pagan dedication of the temple, and this chapel was most likely an example of that. Chapels dedicated to St Catherine are often found on hills, possibly in reference to Mount Sinai.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>The chapel appears briefly in the Powell and Pressburger film The Small Back Room.</p><br>
<p>The chapel was the inspiration behind PJ Harveys song "The Wind", from her 1998 album Is This Desire?. The lyrics of the song discuss the chapels location on top of the hill, and end with an inversion of the prayer for a husband mentioned above. PJ Harvey lives and grew up near Abbotsbury.</p><br>
<p>The Sapphire Mountains are a range of mountains located in southwestern Montana in the northwestern United States. From a point near the Clark Fork River and the city of Missoula, they run in a southerly direction for a distance of approximately 60 miles , making up much of the border between Ravalli County  and Granite County. To the west is the Bitterroot Valley, and to the east is Rock Creek. The southern end of the range meets the larger Anaconda Range at West Pintler Peak.</p><br>
<p>The northern segment of the range is part of the Lolo National Forest, while the south is part of the Deerlodge National Forest. The range also includes part of the Threemile Wildlife Management Area, the Welcome Creek Wilderness Area, the Skalkaho Game Preserve, and the Anaconda-Pintler Wilderness Area. The range is bisected by just two roads, Route 38 at 7250 foot (2210 m) Skalkaho Pass and FS80 at Lutz Creek.</p><br>
<p>Besides West Pintler Peak (considered part of the Anaconda Range), the highest point in the Sapphire Mountains is Kent Peak, located at 46°03.79N and 113°47.61W at an elevation of 8999 feet (2743 m).</p><br>
<p>The Sapphires contain three large National Forest roadless areas, in addition to the officially protected Welcome Creek Wilderness. The northernmost, about 77,000 acres in size, is centered on Quigg Peak, el. 8419 ft. This area is characterized by thousands of acres of sliderock or talus slopes, and extensive Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine forests rising to open, glaciated ridges. Bighorn sheep and mountain goats utilize the area. USA Senator Jon Tester, (D. Mont.) has proposed about 8,275 acres of the Quigg Peak roadless area be designated wilderness in his proposed wilderness bill, S.B. 1470, the Senate Jobs and Recreation Act of 2009. There is some dispute as to whether the Quigg Peak area is part of the Sapphires or the adjacent John Long Mountains.</p><br>
<p>Just south of the Welcome Creek Wilderness are (as of 1992) 103,000 acres of roadless country called the "Stony Mountain" roadless area. The Skalkaho Game Preserve is within it. A feature of this roadless area is Fuse Lake, which contains rare Arctic grayling.</p><br>
<p>Finally, about 117,000 acres of roadless country in the southern Sapphires are connected via a narrow roadless spur to the Anaconda-Pintlar Wilderness, in the Anaconda Range, for a total roadless area (again, as of 1992) of 368,000 acres. Wolke describes this part of the Sapphires as "lower rolling mountains, mostly under 9,000 feet and heavily forested, except for parts of the rocky crest." About 98,000 acres of this roadless area are protected as a Wilderness Study Area.</p><br>
<p>Sapphires of gem quality are found in the region. They were first found in this region at Rock Creek near Philipsburg in 1892. Rock Creek, also known as Gem Mountain, has been the most productive site in Montana for sapphires by far, even more so than Yogo Gulch, producing over 190 million carats of sapphires. Garnets are also found here.</p><br>
<p>Zrmanja  is a river in southern Lika and northern Dalmatia, Croatia. It is 69 km long and its basin covers an area of 907 km&sup2;.</p><br>
<p>It was known to the ancient Romans as Tedanius. The spring of Zrmanja is located in southern part of Lika under Postak - the southern peak of Pljesevica mountain, and close to south end of Velebit mountain. It is characteristic for its spring located on the bottom of very steep, almost 200 m high funnel shape rock called Misije. It flows southward through the narrow and long arable valley which encircles the southern end of Velebit through a 200-metre-deep canyon, and then turns westwards, reaches Obrovac, and after a few kilometers flows into the Adriatic sea in the bay named Novigradsko more.</p><br>
<p>In the late 1980s the Riverfree Club and Huck Finn Adventure Company pioneered commercial canoe, kayak and raft trips - one-day excursions and multi-day tours with camping. In the 1990s the Velebit area was declared a nature park. Rafting trips on Zrmanja take place in spring and autumn, while kayaks and canoes are used during low water level period of July and August.</p><br>
<p>Albion Falls is a 19 m classical/cascade waterfall flowing down the Niagara Escarpment in Red Hill Valley, in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. With cascade falls the downpour is staggered into a series of steps causing water to "cascade". The top of the falls are located on Mountain Brow Blvd. The lower-end of the falls can be found at the south-end of King&#39;s Forest Park in lower Hamilton by following the Red Hill Creek south towards the Niagara Escarpment.</p><br>
<p>Albion Falls was once seriously considered as a possible source of water for Hamilton. Rocks from the Albion Falls area were used in the construction of the Royal Botanical Gardens&#39; Rock Garden.</p><br>
<p>The ravine at the Albion Falls has a legend of the Lovers Leap. The story is that early in the 19th century young Jane Riley, disappointed in love with Joseph Rousseau, stood at the top of a steep cliff not far from thundering Albion Falls and flung herself to the bottom 100 ft below. The steep drop has since been dubbed "Lovers Leap" and many tales have grown up about the suicide.</p><br>
<p>Nearby attractions include the Bruce Trail, Buttermilk Falls, Devils Punch Bowl, Felkers Falls, Confederation Park (via Red Hill Trail), Mohawk 4 Ice Centre at Mohawk Sports Park, scenic views of lower Hamilton, Kings Forest Golf Course and Park, Gage Park and Hamilton Childrens Museum.</p><br>
<h2>Directions</h2><br>
<p>To reach Albion Falls via a walking trail, take the Escarpment Rail Trail or the Albion Side Trail of the Bruce Trail.</p><br>
<p>To reach Albion Falls by car, exit on Dartnell Road from the Lincoln M. Alexander Parkway. Go south on Dartnell, then go left onto Stone Church Road East. Turn left onto Pritchard Road, then left again onto Mud Street. You will find two parking lots available on either side of Mud Street where it connects with Mountain Brow Boulevard.</p><br>
<p>You can also reach it by taking Mohawk Road till it ends at the Escarpment, then take the road around the brow and it will be on the left side. You can also take Limeridge Road East till it dead ends at the brow, then turn left and then a quick right into the parking lot.</p><br>
<p>Note: Due to the completion of the Red Hill Valley Parkway, you can no longer reach Albion Falls via Mud Street.</p><br>
<h2>Images</h2><br>
<p>Big Round Top is a boulder-strewn hill notable as the topographic high point of the Gettysburg Battlefield and for 1863 American Civil War engagements for which Medals of Honor were awarded. In addition to battle monuments, a historic postbellum structure on the uninhabited hill is the Big Round Top Observation Tower Foundation Ruin.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Big Round Top is the southern peak of the Gettysburg Battlefield and is within the area encompassed by a drainage depression (southeast, south), Plum Run (west, north), and the Crawford Rd/Wright Av roadway (north, northeast). In addition to Little Round Top, adjacent battlefield locations are / (west), Devils Den (northwest) and the Valley of Death/Slaughter Pen (north). The hill is the highest point of an Adams County dendritic ridge which Plum Run divides at Big Round Top (the drainage divide continues to the east). In addition to Little Round Top (650), nearby heights are Warfield Ridge (west), hills of and ~540 ft (northwest), and Houck Ridge (north-northwest); while Carr Hill (876 ft) is the nearest higher hill. "Devils Kitchen" is rock formation and small cave on the lower slopes of Big Round Top.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The igneous hill was formed 200 million years ago when the "outcrop of the Gettysburg sill" intruded through the Triassic "Gettysburg plain". Subsequent periglacial frost wedging during the Pleistocene formed the hill&#39;s extensive boulders. Early human activity included Indigenous people clearing an area</p><br>
<h3>Civil War</h3><br>
<p>•Left: Well&#39;s charge (not depicted) crossed Plum Run and turned to pass behind the Confederates (red) on the spur of Big Round Top.</p><br>
<p>•Right: After the "20th ME" had refused the line (4th & 5th TX were temporarily under Law). Earlier on July 2 from Big Round Top, 2 of Law &#39;s CSA (red) regiments assaulted the 20th ME.</p><br>
<p>Privately owned during the Battle of Gettysburg, Big Round Top&#39;s slope, timber, and boulders precluded placement of artillery on the summit. At various times during the 1863 battle, positions on Big Round Top formed the left flank of the Union defense. No fighting or other actions took place on Big Round Top on July 1.</p><br>
<p>--&gt; when "it was growing dark", Big "Round Top was still in possession of the skirmishers, who were firing upon our men. It was important to hold this hill, as…it commanded…our line. I directed Colonel Fisher to occupy it at once. He immediately detached, who advanced promptly, driving the enemy before them" (Crawfords report). After 10 pm, Chamberlains 20th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment occupied a Big Round Top summit position (the monument is on the north slope). In 1893, Chamberlain was awarded a Medal of Honor for both "carrying the advance position on the Great Round Top" and "holding his position on the Little Round Top against repeated assaults" earlier in the day.</p><br>
<p>By September 1863, David McConaughy had begun to acquire a portion of Big Round Top for battlefield preservation. The Elon J. Farnsworth monument was erected before 1896 at the base of Big Round Top,&lt;!--</p><br>
<h3>Postbellum</h3><br>
<p>Kilpatrick Avenue In 1903, Wright Av was constructed along the northeast slope, and in 1937, S Confederate Av and the Plum Run stone bridge were rebuilt for the 75th battle anniversary and reunion. In 1940, Seminary Ridge CCC workers rerouted the stone trail to the Big Round Top summit,</p><br>
<h3>Observation Tower</h3><br>
<p>The tower was built in the late 19th century. Fred Lyons of Baltimore led the construction team that moved the foundations granite blocks to the Big Round Top summit using block and tackle driven by a 12-horsepower engine. Constructed on the Gettysburg Battlefields highest hill, the Big Round Top tower was to be replaced for the 1938 anniversary reunion by a stone "Gettysburg Peace Memorial" with a 75-foot-high observation deck above the summit and a flame 30 feet higher.</p><br>
<h4>Destruction</h4><br>
<p>During 1968 tower maintenance, the Schlesser Demolition Co dismantled the Big Round Top tower</p><br>
<p>as uneconomical due to "its condition and the very limited use Most who started the climb gave out en route, and upon reaching the tower decided against continuing the climb to the top of the metal observatory" (GNMP Superintendent George F. Emery). The foundation ruin (park structure RU05) of the "national landmark" tower,</p><br>
<p>---&gt</p><br>
<p>The Lehigh Crane Iron Company (later simply the Crane Iron Company) was a major ironmaking firm in the Lehigh Valley from its founding in 1839 until its sale in 1899. It was founded under the patronage of Josiah White and Erskine Hazard, and financed by their Lehigh Coal & Navigation Company, which hoped to promote the then-novel technique of smelting iron ore with anthracite coal. This was an important cost and energy savings technique, since either an expensive charcoaling nor coke (as needed for Bituminous coals from anywhere) producing process and transport costs was totally eliminated so produced a great acceleration in the underpinnings of the American industrial revolution.</p><br>
<p>The new company was named Crane as a nod to, a thank you to and for George Crane, a British foundry owner whose kind understanding and support backed their desire to hire away his foundrys long time superintendent, ironmaster David Thomas, who had achieved regular successes in employing the new hot blast process and successfully worked out necessary additional methods to not only smelt iron, but produce fine quality cast iron and pig iron ready to make steel. These results positioned Cranes companys strongly to dominate British steel and iron manufacturing for decades. Crane was grateful, so with a younger Thomas assistant already on hand, allowed Thomas his big chance for fortune. LC&CNs Hazard not only hired him and paid his expenses to come to America and set up an ironworks using the new technique, but made him a partner in the enterprise in agreement of 31 December 1838.</p><br>
<p>By late winter, LC&NC was seeking suitable real estate, with water power and access to iron ores. Suitable acres were available a few miles below the Lehigh Gap in Northampton County. The company put its first furnace into blast in 1840, and quickly gained a reputation for efficiency and ironmaking prowess among the many furnaces that now sprang up in the Lehigh Valley. Over the next several decades, Crane Iron developed an extensive portfolio of assets, buying mines in the Lehigh Valley and in northern New Jersey, and taking over many of the smaller iron furnaces in the region. Crane Iron also financed the building of railroads in the area to haul limestone and iron ore to its furnaces.</p><br>
<p>As the merchant pig iron business began to decline, Crane Iron sold off much of its railroad interests in 1896. In an effort to revive Eastern iron mining in the face of competition from Minnesota, Crane took part in Thomas Edisons attempts to develop a magnetic ore beneficiation process. However, Edisons experiments proved uneconomical and the Edison Ore-Milling Company was a failure. In 1899, Crane Iron was sold to the Empire Steel and Iron Company, a conglomerate of Eastern and Southern iron furnaces. The Crane Works, as the company&#39;s plant was now known, last made iron in 1930, and the plant was torn down in 1932.</p><br>
<h2>Origins</h2><br>
<p>In 1837, the Yniscedwyn Works in Wales became the first ironworks in Britain to produce anthracite iron in commercial quantities, by use of the hot blast method. The works were owned by George Crane, and superintended by David Thomas. This discovery promised to provide a large market for anthracite, and the managers of the Lehigh Coal & Navigation Company wished to duplicate the process in the United States. After negotiations with Crane and Thomas, they were able to hire Thomas to emigrate and manage their proposed ironworks. The company was named in honor of Crane: it was organized on April 23, 1839 and incorporated on May 16, 1839, under a general act of the Pennsylvania Legislature. The LC&N supported the new company by granting them land and rights to water power (from the LC&N&#39;s canal) for their furnace.</p><br>
<h2>Early years</h2><br>
<p>Construction of the first furnace commenced about August 1, 1839, at Biery&#39;s Port, later Catasauqua. The ovens for the hot blast were coal-fired, and the blowing engine was driven by a waterwheel tapping the canal at Lock 36. The furnace was blown in on July 3, 1840 and the first four tons of iron produced July 4, 1840. It remained in blast until flooded by a January freshet in 1841, producing 1,080 tons of iron during that period.</p><br>
<p>No. 2 Furnace was erected in 1842, using waste gas from the stack to heat the blast instead of coal-fired ovens. No. 3 was built in 1846, and Nos. 4 and 5 in 1849, as the iron business increased.</p><br>
<p>The limestone flux for the furnaces was largely shipped from local quarries. A mixture of about 75% limonite and 25% magnetite ore was used to supply the furnace. Most of the limonite was mined locally: the first batch of ore smelted at the furnace was supplied by Henry Hochs mine (also referred to as Rices mine) in Schoenersville nearby, and the mine was an important supplier of the ironworks for years, being worked from 1840 to 1908. Some magnetite came from the Wieand mine (also referred to as the Mann mine) at Vera Cruz, but it was principally shipped from the Irondale-area, Byram, and Dickerson Mines in New Jersey. Anthracite came from the LC&N&#39;s mines, shipped by canal boat for many years, and later by rail.</p><br>
<h2>Expansion</h2><br>
<p>In 1855, David Thomas left his post as superintendent of the Crane Iron Company to oversee the new Thomas Iron Company. His son John Thomas succeeded him, and served until he, too, took over at Thomas Iron, and was succeeded by his brother-in-law Joshua Hunt.</p><br>
<p>The success of Crane Iron and the many other iron companies that sprang up in the Lehigh Valley led to a major mining boom in Lehigh County, with no less than 261 mines of varying size being opened. Some were worked by independent operators and the ore sold on the open market, others leased by iron companies, and some owned outright by the companies. In 1875, Crane Iron leased eleven limonite mines in Lehigh County, owned three outright and one jointly with Thomas Iron, and leased a hematite mine at Zionsville.</p><br>
<p>This was in part facilitated by improved transportation in the area. The Crane and Thomas Iron Companies wanted a railroad to bring local ore to their furnaces, but faced strong local opposition when attempting to gain a charter. As a compromise, the Catasauqua and Fogelsville Plank Road corporation was chartered on July 2, 1853, to build a plank road from the ore pits to the furnaces. A short section of plank road was constructed, but the exceptional weight of the ore wagons quickly destroyed it. Renewed efforts to palliate the local farmers were successful, and the plank road was renamed and rechartered on April 20, 1854 as the Catasauqua and Fogelsville Railroad. The C&F began hauling ore from the mines near Fogelsville in 1857. In 1864, it was further extended to a connection with the East Pennsylvania Railroad at Alburtis and in 1865, to the magnetite mines at Rittenhouse Gap. Improvements to the physical plant also occurred, building No. 6 stack in 1868. The company survived the Panic of 1873 and the subsequent poor iron market, and No. 5 stack was rebuilt in 1877, introducing new firebrick heat exchangers (stoves) to heat the blast, rather than the iron pipes heretofore used. No. 3 stack collapsed in 1879 while out of blast, and Nos. 1 and 2 were subsequently demolished. A new No. 1 and 3 were built, and the site of No. 2 used for stoves for the new furnaces, which were built in 1880 and put in service in 1881. Joshua Hunt resigned the superintendency on January 1, 1882, six months before the death of his father-in-law, David Thomas.</p><br>
<p>By this time, the iron furnaces also boasted a substantial plant railroad. This began with the construction of a private wagon and rail bridge (which the company opened to the public) across the Lehigh River in 1847 to facilitate ore shipment. This rail line would connect with the Lehigh Valley Railroad in West Catasauqua in 1855, as well as the C&F when that line opened. (The Central Railroad of New Jersey would build a line along the Lehigh River in 1867 on the same side as the furnaces, giving Crane Iron yet another rail inlet and outlet.) The company received a supplement to its charter on March 15, 1872 (and was renamed simply the Crane Iron Company), allowing it to construct up to 2 mi of rail line to dispose of slag or connect with another railroad. The plant trackage ultimately totaled 3.31 mi, and was worked by a number of 0-4-0 and 0-6-0 switchers, including one built on-site at the ironworks in the 1880s.</p><br>
<h2>End of independence</h2><br>
<p>In 1889, No. 3 stack was raised, and No. 4 went out of service in July 1890. The Crane and Thomas Iron companies leased the C&F to the Reading Railroad on December 8, 1893, and Crane Iron sold off its share to the Reading entirely from June 5, 1896, leaving the line-haul railroad business. During the 1890s, Crane Iron also participated in the experiments of Thomas Edison, who was attempting to rejuvenate the then-moribund Eastern magnetite mines by magnetic beneficiation. Initial attempts were frustrated by the dusty nature of the finely-ground ore (which made it susceptible to losses both in transit and during the furnace blast), and the process ultimately proved uneconomical in competition with cheap Mesabi Range ores, which came to replace locally-mined ore. In 1899, the company was sold to the Empire Steel and Iron Company and became their Crane Works. The works was gradually dismantled, last making iron in 1930. It was scrapped in 1932.</p><br>
<p>The Butkara Stupa  is an important Buddhist stupa in the area of Swat, Pakistan. It may have been built by the Mauryan emperor Ashoka, but it is generally dated slightly later to the 2nd century BCE.</p><br>
<p>The stupa was enlarged on five occasions during the following centuries, every time by building over, and encapsulating, the previous structure.</p><br>
<h2>Excavation</h2><br>
<p>The stupa was excavated by an Italian mission (IsIOAO: Istuto Italiano per lAfrica e lOriente), led by archaeologist Domenico Faccenna from 1956, to clarify the various steps of the construction and enlargements. The mission established that the stupa was "monumentalized" by the addition of Hellenistic architectural decorations during the 2nd century BCE, suggesting a direct involvement of the Indo-Greeks, rulers of northwestern India during that period, in the development of Greco-Buddhist architecture.</p><br>
<p>An Indo-Corinthian capital representing a Buddhist devotee within foliage has been found which had a reliquary and a coins of Azes II buried at its base, securely dating the sculpture to earlier than 20 BCE.</p><br>
<p>The nearby Hellenistic fortifications of Barikot are also thought to be contemporary.</p><br>
<p>A large quantity of the artifacts are preserved in the National Museum of Oriental Art and the City Museum of Ancient Art in Turin&#39;s Turin City Museum of Ancient Art.</p><br>
<h2>Coinage and datation</h2><br>
<p>The oldest core strata (GSt 1) revealed a coin of Chandragupta Maurya and is therefore dated to the Ashokan period. A coin of Menander I was found in the second oldest stratum (GSt 2). A coin of Azes II was found under a plinth of the third stratum (GSt 3), which is therefore dated to the end of the 1st century BCE or the beginning of the 1st century CE. The 4th stratum (GSt 4) contained late coins of Azes II and coins of the Kushan Kujula Kadphises.</p><br>
<p>Hudson View Gardens is a cooperative apartment complex located on Pinehurst Avenue and Cabrini Boulevard in the near vicinity of West 183rd and 185th Streets, located in the Hudson Heights subsection of the Washington Heights neighborhood Manhattan, New York City. It overlooks the Hudson River to the west and Bennett Park &ndash; which includes Manhattan&#39;s highest natural point &ndash; to the east. The complex was constructed as a housing cooperative from 1923 to 1925. In 2016 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>At a time when some believed that only the wealthy or poor could afford to live in Manhattan, affordable urban housing was viewed a solution to the problem of the middle-class flight to the suburbs. Dr. Charles V. Paterno, a real estate developer, purchased land on Pinehurst Avenue and Cabrini Boulevard, between West 182nd and 186th Streets, across the street from his estate, atop a ridge above the Hudson River. His plan was to create a "garden community" of cooperative apartments to attract those who wanted the comforts of the new suburbs but wanted to reside in New York City.</p><br>
<p>The project was designed by George F. Pelham, a noted architect of the time, with landscaping by landscape architect Robert B. Cridland from Philadelphia. Pelham&#39;s fifteen buildings in the complex occupy 40% of the 3.869 acre site. The nine six-story elevator buildings and six four-story walk-ups were situated to make use of the open space and the expansive views of the Hudson River and Bennett Park to the west. Its use of Tudor-style architectural elements in the facade came two years before the construction of Tudor City, the other major Tudor complex in Manhattan. The AIA Guide to New York City describes the complex as "Scarsdale Tudor."</p><br>
<p>Pelham also designed another apartment building in the neighborhood, The Pinehurst, which was built in 1907 at the corner of Fort Washington Avenue and West 180th Street. Pelham&#39;s son, George F. Pelham Jr., was the architect of Castle Village, a Hudson Heights neighbor of Hudson View Gardens across Cabrini Avenue, which was built in 1938.</p><br>
<p>At the time of its construction, Hudson View Gardens was the largest housing cooperative in New York and one of the earliest aimed at the middle class. Today it is known throughout Hudson Heights as the home of beautifully manicured gardens, its own children&#39;s playground, and USA mail delivered directly to each apartment. Community events are hosted in the Hudson View Lounge, many of which are free and open to the public.</p><br>
<p>Aliveri  is a town and a community in the island of Evoia, Greece. It is part of the municipal unit Tamyneoi, and the seat of the municipality Kymi-Aliveri. Aliveri is situated in the western part of the island, on the South Euboean Gulf. It is 13 km southwest of Avlonari, 14 km east of Amarynthos and 39 km east of Chalcis. The Greek National Road 44  passes through the town. The community Aliveri consists of the town Aliveri and the villages Anthoupoli, Katakalos, Latas and Milaki.</p><br>
<p>Aliveri is mostly an industrial town. The biggest cement factory of Greece and a power generating plant of the Public Power Corporation (ΔΕΗ) are located in Aliveri. The lignite fired power plant began producing power in 1955. As the lignite seam has been exhausted now, the power plant is using oil. In the area, there is also marble mining industry. Aliveri has a picturesque harbor called "Karavos".</p><br>
<h2>Historical population</h2><br>
<h2>Notable people</h2><br>
<p>Diamantis Chouchoumis (Greek: Διαμαντής Χουχούμης; born 17 July 1994) is a Greek footballer.</p><br>
<h2>Image</h2><br>
<p>Tamyneoi  or Τάμυνα/Τάμινα Tamyna/Tamina) is a former municipality of the island of Euboea, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Kymi-Aliveri, of which it is a municipal unit. The municipal unit has an area of 203.971 km. The seat of the municipality was in Aliveri.</p><br>
<h2>Subdivisions</h2><br>
<p>The municipal unit Tamyneoi is subdivided into the following communities (constituent villages in brackets):</p><br>
<p>Agios Ioannis (Agios Ioannis, Akti Nireos)</p><br>
<p>Agios Loukas (Agios Loukas, Paramerites, Prinias)</p><br>
<p>Aliveri (Aliveri, Anthoupoli, Katakalos, Latas, Milaki)</p><br>
<p>Gavalas</p><br>
<p>Partheni (Partheni, Panagia)</p><br>
<p>Prasino (Prasino, Panagitsa Pounta)</p><br>
<p>Tharounia</p><br>
<p>Trachili</p><br>
<h2>Historical population</h2><br>
<p>Pavis Wood is an area of woodland on a hill located near Hastoe in Tring, north-western Hertfordshire, England. A point on its eastern slopes is the highest point in the county of Hertfordshire at 244 m . The area is often considered as ancient woodland containing a wide variety of plants such as the yellow pimpernel and wood melick. A bridleway crosses the woodland which can be accessed throughout the year as well as the Ridgeway National Trail which is dominated mainly by beech, oak and ash.</p><br>
<p>The summit plateau lies less than 3 miles from the border of Buckinghamshire and part of the Aylesbury Vale which contains the Buckinghamshire county top Haddington Hill 267 m (876 ft). It is linked to Haddington Hill by a high ridge which gives this hill a mere 5 metres of relative height.</p><br>
<p>The summit area is unmarked and is difficult to determine, as is Haddington Hill&#39;s summit in Wendover Woods.</p><br>
<p></text></p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>The Gorner Glacier  is a valley glacier found on the west side of the Monte Rosa massif close to Zermatt in the canton of Valais, Switzerland. It is about 12.4 km long  and 1 to 1.5 km wide. The entire glacial area of the glacier related to Gorner Glacier is 57 km&sup2; , which makes it the second largest glacial system in the Alps after the Aletsch Glacier system. Numerous smaller glaciers connect with the Gorner Glacier. Its  tributaries are : Gornergletscher , Monte Rosa Gletscher, Grenzgletscher , Zwillingsgletscher, Schwärzegletscher, Breithorngletscher, Triftjigletscher, and Unterer Theodulgletscher .</p><br>
<p>The Grenzgletscher (Border Glacier) between the central Monte Rosa massif and the Liskamm to the south is nowadays by far the lower Gorner Glaciers main tributary. The Gorner Glaciers upper part is almost already disconnected from its lower part. Also the former tributaries Breithorngletscher, Triftjigletscher, and Unterer Theodulgletscher left their connections to the Gorner Glacier during the last century. The Lower Theodul Glacier in the 1980s.</p><br>
<p>An interesting feature of this glacier is the Gornersee, an ice marginal lake at the confluence area of the Gorner- and Grenzgletscher. This lake fills every year and drains in summer, usually as a Glacial lake outburst flood. This is one of few glacial lakes in the Alps exhibiting this kind of behaviour.</p><br>
<p>There are also several interesting surface features including crevasses and table top forms where large surface boulders have been left stranded above the glaciers surface. Supported by ice that the boulder has sheltered from melting that has effected the more exposed surrounding ice.</p><br>
<p>Due to the immense information about the glacier, it is perfect for a glacier project.</p><br>
<p>It is the source of the river Gornera which flows down through Zermatt itself. However, most of its water gets captured by a water catchment station of the Grande Dixence hydroelectric power plant. This water then ends up in the Lac des Dix, the main reservoir of Grande Dixence.</p><br>
<p>The glacier as well as the surrounding mountains can be seen from the Gornergrat (3,100 m), connected from Zermatt by a Gornergratbahn (GGB) railway line.</p><br>
<h2>Retreating Glacier(s)</h2><br>
<p>Like almost all other glaciers in the Alps, and most glaciers on the globe as well, due to global warming the Gorner Glacier is a retreating glacier. And in a quite dramatic way. Nowadays (2014), Gorner Glacier retreats with about 30 m every year, but with a record loss of 290 m in 2008. Since its last major expansion (in modern era, after last glacial period) in 1859 it lost more than 2,500 m in distance.</p><br>
<p>In these days (~2015) this becomes quite obvious since the uneducated visitor usually misidentifies Gorner Glacier&#39;s main tributary as its upper part: the Grenzgletscher (Border Glacier) on the south side of the central, visible Monte Rosa massif. However, the upper Gorner Glacier traditionally is to be found on the north side. The reason is that the upper part of the Gorner Glacier is currently losing contact with its lower part and now the Grenzgletscher has become its much larger tributary. So it is easy to mismatch the Border Glacier as the upper Gorner Glacier.</p><br>
<p>But this was not the case in earlier times, as the following comparison impressively shows (be also aware of the retreating of the Monte Rosa Glacier in the middle, the one in between Gorner and Border Glaciers):</p><br>
<p>Monte Rosa, Lyskamm, with Gorner Glacier, Valais, Alps of, Switzerland-LCCN2001703309.jpgAround 1890–1900 (photomechanical print): The upper Gorner Glacier (left) obviously still is the main tributary of the lower part; the old Monte Rosa Hut (built 1894-95) would have been found just few metres above/next to the north-eastern border of the Grenzgletscher (in the middle; compare with the third picture)</p><br>
<p>MonteRosaWestseite gesehenVomGornergrat.JPG2005: The connection between the upper and lower part is still given and the moraine is still clearly fed by its upper part; the old Monte Rosa Hut (2,795 m) is easily recognizable above the left over, north-eastern lateral moraine of the Border Glacier (in the middle, right)</p><br>
<p>Cultus Lake is a lake, associated community and provincial park in the Fraser Valley region of British Columbia, Canada. It is the source of the Sweltzer River. The lake itself is warm, and the area has become a popular recreation destination with ample opportunities for fishing, water skiing, wind surfing, and hiking. Cultus Lake is located 11 km south of the Chilliwack River, near the city of Chilliwack and approximately 80 km east of Vancouver. In 1950, Cultus Lake became a Provincial Park of British Columbia. Cultus Lake covers an area of 656 hectares, evenly on either side of the lake. At one time the lake had a sawmill and booming ground until it became a provincial park in the 1950s.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Cultus Lake has always been an important place for spirit quests of the Sto:lo people. However, it was named with the Chinook Jargon word meaning primarily bad, worthless, or good for nothing, though the same word can also mean free, without purpose, or simply nothing. The Cultus Lake water park was made in the 1980s.</p><br>
<h2>Government</h2><br>
<p>The Cultus Lake Parks Board includes five commissioners, of whom 3 are elected from Cultus Lake, and 2 from the City of Chilliwack (as of 2017, Darcy Bauer and David Renwick). During the early 1900s, the Cultus Lake area began to build its popularity, which then led to the formation of a joint committee between Cultus Lake and the City of Chilliwack in 1924. This then led to the formation of the Cultus Lake Park Board in 1932, which is still in effect today. As of 2014, the board chairman is David Renwick.</p><br>
<h2>Accommodations</h2><br>
<p>In the early 2000s houses on Cultus Lake were no more than $200,000 CAD. In 2009, house costs began at $325,000. In 2014, according to BC Assessment Authority, lakefront homes on First Avenue ranged in assessed value from $461,000 to $973,000. To rent a house for a week in Cultus Lake for the summer runs from $500 to $2700 depending on the location. BC Parks has several camping sites in the area in addition to a few privately owned campgrounds.</p><br>
<h2>Education</h2><br>
<p>Cultus Lake Community School has approximately 150 students from Kindergarten to Grade 6. The school was first opened in 1947 as a three-room schoolhouse. It was destroyed by fire in February 1959; the current building opened in October of the same year. The school is administered by the Chilliwack School District.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<h2>Cultus Lake Waterpark</h2><br>
<p>Cultus Lake water park is British Columbias biggest and most popular waterpark. The park includes picnic areas, concession stands such as Pier 84 Fish and Chips, Burger Stop, Pizza 2 Go, Candy Shop, Sub shop and an Espresso Hut, a rental&#39;s booth which includes lockers, BBQs, umbrellas and loungers, and free wifi. Their official website is</p><br>
<p>The waterslides at the facilities include:</p><br>
<p>Blasters n&#39; Twisters 1989</p><br>
<p>Radical Rapids 1988</p><br>
<p>Valley of Fear 1997</p><br>
<p>Free Fall 1988</p><br>
<p>Speed Slide 1988</p><br>
<p>Colossal Canyon 2009</p><br>
<p>Zero-60 Raceway 2009</p><br>
<p>Pool with a clockwise current called the Adventure River. 2003</p><br>
<p>Tubular Terror 2012</p><br>
<p>Bazooka Bowls 2013</p><br>
<p>Boomerang 2013</p><br>
<p>5 hot tubs located throughout the park</p><br>
<p>Note: The park also has smaller slides and areas for smaller children such as</p><br>
<p>Pirates Cove</p><br>
<p>Kiddie Castle</p><br>
<p>Turtle Slide + Pool</p><br>
<p>They also offer lifejackets for free</p><br>
<h2>Cultus Lake Adventure Park</h2><br>
<p>Cultus Lake Adventure Park opened in July 2014 as the expansion of Giggle Ridge Adventure Golf, adding 11 rides and a bike rental area.</p><br>
<p>Amusement rides include:</p><br>
<p>Buckin&#39; Bronco</p><br>
<p>Classic Carousel</p><br>
<p>Wagon Wheel – giant ferris wheel</p><br>
<p>Bucky&#39;s Bumper Boats</p><br>
<p>Balloon Adventure</p><br>
<p>Wilderness Trail – kiddie playground with caves, streams, rope bridges, tree forts and panning for gems station</p><br>
<p>Round Up 360 – Canada&#39;s only 360 pendulum ride</p><br>
<p>Runaway Mine Train – rollercoaster</p><br>
<p>Blastin&#39; Barrels</p><br>
<p>Windmill Drop</p><br>
<p>Wave Swinger Ride</p><br>
<p>The Anaconda Range, informally known as the "Pintlers", is a group of high mountains located in southwestern Montana, in the northwestern United States. The mountain range takes its name from the nearby town of Anaconda, founded by Marcus Daly in 1883. It runs northeast approximately 50 miles  from Lost Trail Pass to a point near the community of Anaconda, covering parts of Ravalli, Deer Lodge, Granite and Beaverhead Counties. To the northwest are the Sapphire Mountains, to the south is the Big Hole Valley. Due north, the range blends into the Flint Creek Range, and to the southeast lies the Big Hole River and Pioneer Mountains. The crest of the range is part of the Continental Divide, rising to 10,793 feet  at West Goat Peak. Other major summits include Mt. Evans , Mt. Haggin , Warren Peak , and East Goat Peak . West Pintler Peak, located in a more commonly visited area, rises to 9894 feet . Much of the range is protected in the Anaconda-Pintler Wilderness Area.</p><br>
<p>Kendrick Peak or Kendrick Mountain is one of the highest peaks in the San Francisco volcanic field north of the city of Flagstaff in the USA State of Arizona and is located on the Coconino Plateau in Coconino County.</p><br>
<p>Kendrick Peak rises to a height of 10,425 ft, which makes it the 11th or 12th tallest summit (depending on the source) in Arizona. Kendrick Peak is between 2.7 and 1.4 million years old and consists primarily of dacite and rhyolite flows that were partly buried by andesite according to the USGS.</p><br>
<p>Kendrick Peak is in the Kendrick Mountain Wilderness which is administered by the Kaibab National Forest. A fire lookout, manned by the United States Forest Service during the week and by volunteers on the weekends, has stood on top of Kendrick Peak since the early 1900s.</p><br>
<p>There are three maintained trails to the summit of Kendrick Peak - Kendrick Mountain Trail, Pumpkin Trail and Bull Basin Trail.</p><br>
<p>Along the Kendrick Mountain Trail, near the summit of Kendrick Peak, there is a Colorado Pinyon (Pinus edulis) growing at an altitude of nearly 10,400 feet (3,169.9 meters). This is a rare high-elevation example of this species growing amongst Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) and limber pine (Pinus flexilis).</p><br>
<p>In the year 2000 the Kendrick Wilderness and Kendrick Peak were involved in a large wildfire, the results of which are still quite evident to hikers or visitors to the peak. In an effort to return the forest to its "pre-fire" state, cattle are sometimes grazed near the Kendrick Mountain Trail trailhead.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Kendrick Peak is a dome volcano, with some having multiple extrusion vents. Other Arizona examples of dome volcanoes are Mount Elden, Bill Williams Mountain, and Sitgreaves Mountain.</p><br>
<p>Mount Arrowsmith is the largest mountain on southern Vancouver Island. Its dominant rock is basalt. The mountain is contained within a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve and as of September 18, 2009 is designated part of 1,300 hectare Mt. Arrowsmith Massif Regional Park.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first recorded ascent was made by botanist John Macoun in 1887. Macoun was a botanist to the Geological Survey of Canada. Mount Waddington was first seen from the peak of Mount Arrowsmith by Don and Phyllis Munday in 1925 (see also Mount Munday). The mountain was named about 1853 by Captain Richards for cartographers, Aaron Arrowsmith and his nephew John Arrowsmith.</p><br>
<p>The mountain was known as "Kulth-ka-choolth", meaning "jagged face", in the Coast Salish language.</p><br>
<p>The Lyme Bay kayaking tragedy was an incident that led to the death of four teenagers on a sea kayaking trip in the Lyme Bay area on the south coast of England. The incident led to legislation to regulate adventure activities centres working with young people in the United Kingdom.</p><br>
<p>On 22 March 1993, a group of eight schoolchildren and their teacher from Southway Community College, Plymouth were accompanied by two instructors from an outdoor centre on a kayak trip across Lyme Bay.</p><br>
<p>As a result of a series of errors and circumstances, four of the teenagers drowned. The party had run into difficulties straight away as one kayak became swamped. The group was swept out to sea, where all their kayaks were quickly swamped.</p><br>
<p>The subsequent investigation resulted in the prosecution of the parent company and the centre manager. The owner of the activity centre was convicted of gross negligence manslaughter over the deaths. This was the only successful conviction involving a corporation for this offence in the UK. The owner was jailed for three years, but his sentence was cut to two years on appeal.</p><br>
<p>This incident accelerated governmental discussions to end self-regulation of outdoor education centres. The Activity Centres (Young Persons’ Safety) Act 1995, introduced by Labour MP David Jamieson was passed through Parliament in January 1995 and an independent licensing authority, the Adventure Activities Licensing Authority (AALA) was formed, funded by the Department of Education and Employment (DFE) and under the guidance of the Health and Safety Executive.</p><br>
<p>The Maryland Theatre is a music and entertainment venue located in the Arts and Entertainment District of downtown Hagerstown, Maryland. It was built in 1915, partially destroyed by fire in 1974, and reopened in 1978. The theatres seating capacity is 1,279 people, and it hosts performances of orchestra concerts, country artists, comedians, childrens shows, musicians, recitals, stage shows, and others. Over 81,000 patrons attended performances at the Maryland Theatre in 2005, making it one of Maryland&#39;s premier venues for the performing arts. The Maryland Symphony Orchestra performs here regularly. The theater features a fully restored Wurlitzer theatre organ.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Maryland Theatre was designed by architect Harry E. Yessler of Hagerstown, in association with prominent theater architect Thomas W. Lamb of New York. Interior design was by Arthur Brounet of New York. The contractor was George Wolfe of Hagerstown.</p><br>
<p>The original facade of the theater at 21-25 South Potomac Street was a five story apartment block. The theater occupies the interior of the first block of South Potomac Street, and was originally entered through the ground floor of the apartments. The chief character of the theater, even prior to the 1974 fire that destroyed the front block and main lobby, was to be found in its interior. The interior is primarily neoclassical in character, with Art Deco influences. The house features a prominent proscenium arch framing the stage house. The auditorium has three boxes on either side of the auditorium level and three to each side on the balcony level, set in an arched niche. The small interior lobby is restrained in its detailing, with a grand stair from the main level to the balcony level. A smaller stair continues to the upper balcony.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Maryland Theatre opened on May 10, 1915 with live performances, including the Tiller Sisters, a singing and dancing act called "The Big Surprise", and the Guzmania Trio of acrobats. This was followed by a movie, The Commuters. The Maryland Theatre operated until November 1973. A February 8, 1974 fire destroyed the front block, which was demolished. The front was converted into an entrance plaza and a 1970s entrance was constructed in front of the inner lobby.</p><br>
<p>The Maryland Theatre&#39;s interior was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>Llyn Dinas is a lake near Beddgelert, Gwynedd in north Wales. It is formed by the River Glaslyn.</p><br>
<p>Llyn Dinas lies on the valley floor a few miles north of Beddgelert at an altitude of about 55 metres above sea level. It has an area of 60 acre and is fairly shallow, with the maximum depth only 10 metres. The lake offers good fishing for salmon and trout.</p><br>
<p>It takes its name from the nearby Dinas Emrys, a rocky and wooded hill just downstream of the lake where the remains of both medieval and older fortifications have been found. A rock near the lake named Carreg yr Eryr (The stone of the eagle) was said in a charter of 1198 to mark the spot where the boundaries of the three cantrefs of Aberconwy, Ardudwy and Arfon met. According to Giraldus Cambrensis an eagle used to perch on it once a week, anticipating battle between the men of the three cantrefs.</p><br>
<p>Milk Hill, located near Alton Priors east of Devizes, is the highest point in the county of Wiltshire, southwest England, at some 295 m / 968 ft above sea level . It is the location of the Alton Barnes white horse .</p><br>
<p>On 23 August 2009, the BBC programme Countryfile featured an item on analysis by Ordnance Survey to determine whether Milk or Tan Hill is the higher. It was confirmed that Milk Hill is 26 cm higher than Tan Hill.</p><br>
<p>Located at the western edge of the Vale of Pewsey (part of the North Wessex Downs AONB), it is also the highest summit along a 50 km ridge extending all the way from the South Downs, across the southern Chilterns and into Wiltshire. Milk Hill is the second highest point between Bristol and London after Walbury Hill in West Berkshire (297 m / 974 ft.), and is thus also the second highest chalk hill in the UK, again behind Walbury Hill, though it has a slightly greater prominence.</p><br>
<p>Milk Hill was the starting point for longest hang-glider flight ever in the UK on May 10, 2011 by Nev Almond. It was also the starting point for the longest paraglider flight in the UK, by Mark Watts on 3 August 2014: 275.5 kilometres, to near Felbrigg in Norfolk.</p><br>
<p>Views are extensive from here, as far as the Mendips and Cotswolds and even in clear weather as far as the Black Mountains in Wales, making this one of the most southeasterly points in the UK from which high mountain country can be sighted.</p><br>
<p>Pismire Island is a small island in Lake Michigan of approximately 2.5 acres in size. It is part of the Beaver Island archipelago, the Michigan Islands National Wildlife Refuge, and the Michigan Islands Wilderness Area. It is managed by the USA Fish and Wildlife Service as a satellite of the Seney National Wildlife Refuge. It is located in St. James Township, Charlevoix County, Michigan.</p><br>
<p>Lying approximately 4 mi northeast of the harbor of St. James on Beaver Island, Pismire Island is a tiny triangle of glacial gravel. It contains almost no permanent vegetation and is best known as a breeding place for Lake Michigan birds. The island was preserved for public use as part of the creation of the Michigan Islands NWR in 1943, and was designated as wilderness in 1970.</p><br>
<p>The word pismire means ant, referring to the island&#39;s tiny size. *</p><br>
<p>Bear Mountain is one of the best-known peaks of New York&#39;s Hudson Highlands. Located partially in Orange County in the town of Highlands and partially in Rockland County in the town of Stony Point, it lends its name to the nearby Bear Mountain Bridge and Bear Mountain State Park that contains it.</p><br>
<p>Its summit, accessible by a paved road, has several roadside viewpoints, a picnic area and an observatory, the Perkins Memorial Tower. It is crossed by several hiking trails as well, including the oldest section of the Appalachian Trail (AT). As of 2015, the AT across Bear Mountain is continuing to be improved by the New York–New Jersey Trail Conference to minimize erosion and improve accessibility and sustainability as part of a project to rebuild and realign the trail that began in 2006.</p><br>
<p>The steep eastern face of the mountain overlooks the Hudson River. The eastern side of the mountain consists of a pile of massive boulders, often the size of houses, that culminate in a 50-foot (15 m) cliff face at approximately the 1,000 ft level. A direct scramble from the shore of Hessian Lake to Perkins Memorial Drive on the summit requires a gain of about 1,000 ft in roughly 0.8 mi. From the summit, one can see as far as Manhattan, and the monument on High Point in New Jersey.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Bear Mountain was historically known as "Bear Hill" and "Bread Tray Mountain".</p><br>
<p>Franklin D. Roosevelt&#39;s paralytic illness developed in the summer of 1921, two weeks after he visited a Boy Scout camp at Hessian Lake on the eastern edge of Bear Mountain. It is possible the illness was related to exposure at the camp.</p><br>
<p>Bear Mountain was once the premier ski jumping site in the United States. Because of its notoriety as a ski jumping location, Bear Mountain was considered as a possible site for the 1932 Winter Olympics, which were held in Lake Placid, New York. The ski jump run has not been used in decades, and its stone steps built into the eastern side of the mountain are now crumbling.</p><br>
<p>During World War II, the Brooklyn Dodgers held their spring training here.</p><br>
<p>The Ute Pass is a mountain pass west of Colorado Springs that ranges from a peak elevation at Divide of 9165 to 6165 ft at its lowest point.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>About 75,000 years ago glaciers moved down the sides of what became Pikes Peak. Over time, the ground also thrusted upward. The combination of the change in terrain from the moving tectonic plates and the sculpting of rock due to the moving boulders created the steep canyons of the Ute Pass entrance. From the entrance of Ute Pass at Manitou Springs and for about 5 miles, the terrain is steep canyon land and the road has many curves. The terrain becomes less steep, eventually becoming "gentle u-shaped valleys" near the summit at Divide.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Ute Pass is located west of Colorado Springs, to the north of Pikes Peak and is located along USA Highway 24. From west to east, the pass traverses through Divide, Woodland Park, Green Mountain Falls, Chipita Park and Cascade. Its waters collect through the mountains of Ute Pass, through Fountain Creek canyon west of Manitou Springs and collect in Fountain Creek.</p><br>
<p>UtePassSign.jpgUte Pass Summit sign</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Ute Trail, which runs along the north side of Pikes Peak is believed to have first been a buffalo trail that delivered buffalo from the "milder winter pastures of the eastern plains" to the "lush, grassy" meadows of South Park, Colorado during the summer months. Joel Palmer wrote in his 1847 Journal of Travels over the Rocky Mountains: "These (buffalo) paths are remarkable in their appearance, being about 15 inches wide, and four inches deep, and worn into the soil as smoothly as they could be cut with a spade."</p><br>
<p>Stephen Harriman Long wrote of his 1820s travel through the Pikes Peak region that Ute Trail was used by bison and Native Americans. For the Utes, the trail and pass was used to transport salt from Bayou Salade, the salt valley of South Park, to Santa Fe and Taos for trade. The Ute&#39;s name for the pass was El Puerto del Sierra Almagre, which means "Doorway to the Red Earth Mountains".</p><br>
<p>Ute trail became a wagon road in the 1860s providing transport to Leadville mining camp. In 1872 the old wagon road through Ute Pass started at Rainbow Falls, or Ute Pass Falls. The Colorado Midland Railway had tracks through the Ute Pass to Leadville and Aspen beginning in 1888. Service was later extended to Cripple Creak. Once the mining industry declined, the railroad tracks were removed.</p><br>
<p>In 1932 a new road was built that better accommodated automotive vehicles. Ute Pass is now along USA Highway 24, a four-lane highway, which partially obscured Rainbow Falls. Tourism began to be a major economic force in the late 19th century and towns along Ute Pass built cabins and hotels as a result.</p><br>
<p>The pass at one time was used by stage coach and equestrian traffic. It is steep (7%) on the east side.</p><br>
<h2>Ecological system</h2><br>
<p>The climate is arid, so many plants that grow here are adapted to low water usage.</p><br>
<p>Wildlife in the Ute Pass area includes wild turkey, mule deer, mountain lion, bighorn sheep, and especially during the summer and fall, black bear.</p><br>
<h2>Ute Pass History Park</h2><br>
<p>Ute Pass History Park is located at 231 E. Henrietta Avenue on the north side of Woodland Park.</p><br>
<p>The Pikes Peak Museum comprises six buildings that tell the history of the pass, people who traversed it, and the communities founded along the pass. The buildings include the museum center, four cabins and a jailhouse, with exhibits that convey the lifestyle, industries, transportation, and communities along Ute Pass. Its exhibits includes information about the Ute people and early pioneers.</p><br>
<p>Baboosic Brook is a 12.7 mi stream located in southern New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Souhegan River, which flows to the Merrimack River and ultimately to the Gulf of Maine.</p><br>
<p>Baboosic Brook begins at the outlet of Baboosic Lake in the town of Amherst, New Hampshire. The brook takes a winding course (east- and southward flow predominating) through the towns of Amherst, Bedford, and Merrimack before ending at the Souhegan River near its outlet to the Merrimack River.</p><br>
<p>Tributaries include Joe English Brook, Pulpit Brook, McQuade Brook, and Riddle Brook, all entering from the north.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>Baboosic Brook is home to a variety of wildlife, including the North American beaver, brook trout, and the common snapping turtle. The majority of the brook&#39;s fish population are pumpkinseed and chain pickerel.</p><br>
<p>The Piscataquog River is a 34.7 mi river located in southern New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Merrimack River, which flows to the Gulf of Maine.</p><br>
<p>The Piscataquog River begins at the outlet of the Deering Reservoir, a lake in Deering, New Hampshire. The river takes a winding course north, then east, then south, then east again through Hillsborough County to reach the Merrimack River in Manchester. On its way, it passes through the town of Weare, where it is impounded in two reservoirs — Weare Reservoir and Everett Lake. Everett Lake is part of the watershed-spanning Hopkinton-Everett flood control reservoir — a canal spanning the drainage divide connects Everett Lake to Hopkinton Reservoir, which impounds the Contoocook River.</p><br>
<p>The Piscataquog proceeds south from the Everett Dam along the eastern side of Weare, entering Goffstown shortly before the rivers junction with the South Branch, the Piscataquogs largest tributary. From Goffstown to the river&#39;s mouth there are two small reservoirs and several additional dams, each constructed for hydroelectric power or older industrial development. In west Manchester, the Piscataquog passes under the Nazaire Biron Bridge and reaches the Merrimack River just upstream of the Queen City Bridge.</p><br>
<p>Luna Peak is the highest mountain in the Picket Range, an extremely rugged subrange of the North Cascades in the American state of Washington. It is located within North Cascades National Park. It is notable for its large local relief and isolated position on a far-flung eastern ridge of the Pickets. For example, it rises over 6,560 ft in 1.8 mi above McMillan Creek to the south.</p><br>
<p>Luna Peak was first climbed in early September 1938, by Bill Cox and Will F. Thompson. The standard route is the Southwest Ridge, approached from Ross Lake and Big Beaver Creek. It requires strenuous off-trail hiking including bushwhacking and tricky route-finding, but offers the promise of solitude, as the peak is rarely climbed. The final climb to the true summit involves exposed scrambling on loose rock, and some parties will want a rope (Class 3/4).</p><br>
<p>The north and east faces of Luna Peak are steep and dramatic, but are not popular with mountaineers. Fred Beckey stated, "the peak lacks the compelling appeal of attractive alpine climbing problems."</p><br>
<p>The Picket Range is a small, extremely rugged subrange of the North Cascades in the northwestern part of the American state of Washington. It is entirely contained within North Cascades National Park. It is about 6 mi long, running northwest-southeast, and lies north of the Skagit River, west of Ross Lake, and east of Mounts Baker and Shuksan. There are at least 21 peaks in the range over 7,500 ft high.</p><br>
<p>Swedish American Lage Wernstedt of the USA Forest Service mapped the Picket Range in the 1920s and named it for its resemblance to a picket fence (and not for George Pickett). Wernstedt was also apparently responsible for the names of the main peaks, including Mt. Challenger, Fury, Terror, and Phantom. These names first appeared on maps in 1931.</p><br>
<p>There are few trails in the Picket Range, and any excursion there has a strong wilderness character. Most of the access points are characterized as steep brush thick valleys, with little open terrain. Many of the peaks are challenging rock climbs. The rock is biotite gneiss, formed by metamorphism of sedimentary and volcanic rocks about 100 million years ago.</p><br>
<p>The picket range is home to many of the North Cascades classic climbs and many of its best technical climbs. The rugged terrain has attracted many photographers to the range, creating some of the most spectacular images in the national park. The rugged and sharp peaks are unmatched in steepness and jaggedness by any other ranges in the lower 48 American states. This has made it a popular area in the National Park, and has contributed to the Cascades title of "The American Alps".</p><br>
<h2>Highest Peaks of the Picket Range</h2><br>
<p>Inishbofin  is an island off the coast of Machaire Uí Rabhartaigh , County Donegal, Ireland.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>It is a 120-hectare (300 acre) land mass long known as a fishing and farming village, a place where generations of inhabitants have spoken Irish. The current population numbers about 36. There are no pubs or shops on the island. There is a boat service to and from it but no regular ferry.</p><br>
<p>It is the largest of a small group of islands; the others, Inis Dúiche and Inis Beag, lie to the north and are uninhabited.</p><br>
<h2>Demographics</h2><br>
<p>Inishbofin&#39;s population dropped in 110 years from 150 (1901) to 11 (2011).</p><br>
<p>The table reports data taken from Discover the Islands of Ireland (Alex Ritsema, Collins Press, 1999) and the Census of Ireland. Census data in Ireland before 1841 were not complete and/or reliable.</p><br>
<p>Green Hill is a mountain or fell in north west England. Its summit is 626 m above sea level. It is located above Cowan Bridge, Lancashire, near Kirkby Lonsdale, Cumbria, and Ingleton, North Yorkshire. Its summit is about 4 kilometres  almost due west of the summit of Whernside. It forms the watershed between the River Dee and the Leck Beck: both are tributaries of the River Lune.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The highest point of the traditional county of Lancashire is Coniston Old Man, which, together with the rest of Furness became part of Cumbria in 1974. A walkers guide cites Green Hill, 51 km south of the Old Man, as the county top for Lancashire, lying on the border with Cumbria, though Ordnance Survey data record Green Hill as one metre shorter than Gragareth, about 2 km southwest of Green Hill. Gragareths summit trig point, at 627 m, lies a couple of hundred yards within Lancashire.</p><br>
<p>Another county top close to Green Hill is Whernside, 736 m, the highest point in North Yorkshire.</p><br>
<p>The summit of Green Hill, although relatively dull in itself, provides many excellent views in all directions ranging from the Howgill Fells and Lakeland fells to the north, the Pennines in the east, and a majority of North Yorkshire to the south.</p><br>
<h2>County Stone</h2><br>
<p>Near to the summit of Green Hill, lies the County Stone, a large glacial erratic boulder which marks the triple point where the traditional counties of Westmorland, Yorkshire and Lancashire borders converged.</p><br>
<p>Cerro Azul  is a shield volcano on the south western part of Isabela Island in the Galápagos Islands. At a height of 1,689 m it is the second highest peak in the Galapagos and due to its topographic prominence of over 1,500 m it is categorised as an ultra. The volcano is one of the most active in the Galapagos, with the last eruption between May and June 2008.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The Galapagos Islands are believed to be formed from a mantle plume which creates a hotspot of volcanic activity away from plate boundaries where islands then form above it, similar to process that has created the Hawaiian islands. Cerro Azul is at the edge of the upwelling with steep drop offs in the ocean to the West, while the sea is shallower to the east of Isabela Island.</p><br>
<p>Cerro Azul is one of six coalescing volcanoes on Isabela Island: Ecuador, Wolf, Darwin, Alcedo, and Sierra Negra. Cerro Azul is shaped like a large upturned soup bowl and like the other volcanoes on Isabela Island has a large caldera its one at 4x5 km across is one of the smallest. The caldera shows evidence of collapse following eruptive episodes and reaches a depth of 450 m to 650 m below the rim of the caldera, only Wolf Volcano in the Galapagos is as deep.</p><br>
<p>Historical eruptions date back to 1932, but the volcano has had a number of active periods since then in 1940, 1943,1949, 1951, 1959, 1968, 1979, 1998 and most recently in 2008. It is estimated that the surface of the volcano is young, less than 5000 years old and it is estimated that the volcano is about 350,000 years old. The age of Cerro Azul is similar to Sierra Negra and Alcedo and their positioning is not believed to be related to plate movement over the magma plume but instead an interaction between the plume and the lithosphere.</p><br>
<p>The 2008 eruption began in May and included a fissure eruption on the south east flank of the volcano; the eruption in 1998 had also included fissure eruptions on this part of the volcano. The fissure eruptions resulted in lava flowing 10 km from the fissure. There was also an eruption within the caldera. A second fissure opened lower down the slope in early June.</p><br>
<p>Analysis of the lavas on Cerro Azul show a range of tholeiitic to alkalic basalts and are unlike the neighbouring Sierra Negra or Alcedo volcanoes</p><br>
<p>A study published in 2006 showed that there was continuous expansion of the volcano prior to and after the eruption in 1998. This expansion would have been due to the emplacement of magma into the magma chamber.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>The subspecies of giant tortoise on the island is Geochelone nigra vicina, this subspecies is dome shelled and has an overlapping range with the subspecies on the neighbouring Sierra Negra Volcano, Geochelone nigra guntheri, which is a saddleback tortoise. They Cerro Azul tortoises were not affected by the 2008 eruption although the 1998 eruption did force the National Park authorities to move tortoises by land and helicopter. Other tortoises were killed in that eruption, either from lava or associated fires.</p><br>
<p>Bara-lacha la also known as Bara-lacha Pass, or Bārā Lācha La,  is a high mountain pass in Zanskar range, connecting Lahaul district in Himachal Pradesh to Ladakh in Jammu and Kashmir, situated along the Leh–Manali Highway.</p><br>
<p>The Bhaga river, a tributary of the Chandrabhaga or Chenab river, originates from Surya taal lake, which is situated a few of kilometers from the pass towards Manali. The other major tributary of the Chandrabhaga, the Chandra also originates from glacier in this region. The pass also acts as a water-divide between the Bhaga river and the Yunam river.</p><br>
<h2>Legend</h2><br>
<p>Folklore states that there were two lovers, Chandra being the daughter of the Moon and Bhaga the son of the Sun god. To perform their eternal marriage, they decided to climb to the Bara-lacha-la and from there they ran in opposite directions. Chandra being active and smart, easily found her way and reached Tandi after covering the distance of 115 km. Soon Bhaga was found coming with great struggle through the narrow gorges to Tandi, where consequently both met and the celestial marriage was performed. Bhaga covered about 60 km distance, which was very difficult.</p><br>
<p>Baralachala means summit with cross roads from Spiti, Ladakh, Zanskar and Lahaul meet here and in ancient times it was part of a trade route. On the North West lies the Bhaga River while the Chandra flows south-east. Near below the Baralacha-la is having a beautiful emerald lake the Suraj tal (Sun lake), the source of the river Bhaga.</p><br>
<p>"Mr. Shaw thus describes the region:</p><br>
<p>"The Bara Lacha is the boundary between two separate regions distinguished by their physical characteristics. That which we have already passed through may be called the true Himalayan region. Here the gigantic ranges are covered with perpetual snow, furrowed by glaciers, and they arise from amid dense forests which clothe their flanks up to a certain elevation. They are separated by deep gorges, whose sides are precipices, and though which large rivers flow. In fact the scenery is Alpine.</p><br>
<p>Henceforward, however, we must bear in mind that we are in the barren or Tibetan region, where green spots are about as rare as islands in the ocean, and universal gravel is the rule."</p><br>
<h2>Miscellaneous</h2><br>
<p>In Rudyard Kiplings novel Kim, there is a reference to Bara-lacha la pass the source of the Suraj Tal having been used by Kims Lama to enter India from Tibet.</p><br>
<p>A trekking route leads from Bara-lacha la to Chandra Taal, situated by the bank of Chandra River in the Spiti Valley. In about a week&#39;s time, trekking in this region involves camping and walking at reasonably high altitude, and crossing a few glacial rivers. The basic day wise itinerary that trekkers can follow is:</p><br>
<p>Manali (2000 m) - Batal (3907 m) drive</p><br>
<p>Batal (3907 m) - Chandrataal (4300 m) hike</p><br>
<p>Chandrataal (4300 m) - Tokpo Gongma (4320 m) hike</p><br>
<p>Tokpo Gongma (4320 m) - Tokpo Yongma (4640 m) hike</p><br>
<p>Tokpo Yongma (4640 m) - Baralacha La (4900 m) - Manali</p><br>
<p>The Ladakh Range is a segment of the Karakoram mountain range that extends to the southeast for 230 miles  from the mouth of the Shyok River in the Ladakh region to the Tibetan border. With a crest line of about 20,000 feet , the range parallels the northeast bank of the Indus River.</p><br>
<p>The nomadic Changpa rely mostly on sheep and yak herding for subsistence in the Ladakh Range, which give an idea of comfort level which can be expected while venturing into this high/dry desert region.</p><br>
<p>Tibet&#39;s Chang Tang plain, most remote section of Himalayas, is extreme high country; here the valleys are about 14,000 feet above sea level. Areas like Lake Morari (a verdant oasis) and Stok Kangri (highest of Ladakh&#39;s peaks) and can spend some time by exploring the Buddhist monasteries around (city Leh).</p><br>
<p>Ladakh is a beautiful desert region. Culturally/geographically close to Tibet. It has few resources with an extreme climate, the Buddhist Ladakhis with their traditions and intimate knowledge of local environment have survived and actually prospered.</p><br>
<p>In spite of centuries of invasions from the Mongols (from central Asia), the Baltis (from west), the Dogras (from south) and even Tibetans (from east). The mixed ethnic origins are reflected in their faces.</p><br>
<p>The main town of Ladakh (Leh) was for centuries trade centre for fine pashmina wool (once worth its weight in gold); yak and pony caravans brought in pashmina from Tibet, turquoise, coral and silver from Yarkand and Kashgar, spices, fabrics from India and silk from Kashmir.</p><br>
<p>Two English explorers, William Moorcroft and George Trebeck visiting Leh in 1820, were stunned seeing a town of such wealth located in midst of obviously arid desert land.</p><br>
<p>The extension of the Ladakh Range into China is known as Kailash Range.In the Laddakh range there is India&#39;s cold desert named as &#39; LEH &#39;.</p><br>
<p>The Drang-Drung Glacier  is a mountain glacier near the Pensi La mountain pass at the Kargil - Zanaskar Road</p><br>
<p>The Drang-Drung Glacier is likely to be the largest glacier in Ladakh other than the Siachen Glacier in the Karakoram Range, with a maximum length of 23 km at an average elevation of 4,780 m. The glacier lies in the northeastern Himalayan Range known as the Zanskar Range, 142 km south of Kargil and 331 km east of Srinagar, the capital of Jammu and Kashmir.</p><br>
<p>The Drang-Drung Glacier is a long river of ice and snow, a source of the Stod River which is a tributary of the Zanskar River and the Zanskar River is a tributary of Indus River. Doda Peak with an elevation of 6,550 m rises from the glacier.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>The Drang-Drung Glacier is accessible from Srinagar or Srinagar Airport in two days, 331 km by car or bus which leads by NH 1D, a national highway which connects Srinagar and Leh through the towns of Ganderbal, Kangan, Sonamarg, and Dras. Kargil town is at the half-way point. From Kargil the glacier lies on the right side of Kargil-Zanaskar Road from the road leads to the head of Drang-Drung Glacier. The road is only open to traffic from May–September due to heavy snowfall at Zojila and Pensi La passes, and the best time to visit is July to August.</p><br>
<p>Lampione  is a small rocky island located in the Mediterranean Sea, which belongs geographically to the Pelagie Islands and administratively to the comune of Lampedusa e Linosa, Province of Agrigento, region of Sicily, Italy. It is about 200 m long and 180 m across, and has an area of 4 hectare and a highest elevation of 36 m.</p><br>
<p>The islet is uninhabited, the only building being a lighthouse. According to legend, the island was a rock which had fallen from the hands of a cyclops.</p><br>
<p>Lampione is part of the Riserva Marina Isole Pelagie, and its vegetation and wildlife are strictly protected. Animal species include the endemic Podarcis filfolensis ssp. laurentimulleri (also found on Linosa), which is a subspecies of Maltese Wall Lizard, numerous migrating birds, and the Armadillidium hirtum pelagicum, a land crustacean. The waters are populated by sharks, including the sandbar shark, groupers, lobsters, and varieties of yellow and pink coral.</p><br>
<p>Skorpa is an uninhabited island in the municipality of Herøy in Møre og Romsdal county Norway. Skorpa lies directly west of the island of Nerlandsøya, across the Skorpesund, about 6 km west of Fosnavåg. The island of Gurskøy lies 5 km to the southeast, across the Herøyfjord. The Svinøy lighthouse is located 11 km to the east.</p><br>
<p>The terrain is steep and rugged, the highest point being the mountain, Keipen, at a height of 431 m above sea level. There are no longer any permanent residents on the island, and today Skorpa is best known for vacation cottages and the herd of wild goats that live there. The farm Matrikkelgård on Skorpa has the Norwegian farm registration number 1.</p><br>
<h2>World War II</h2><br>
<p>Skorpa was an important contact point for the Shetland bus and for other allied military traffic during World War II. The island served as a station for agents and resistance personnel both to meet and to hide. Instructors, weapons, and sabotage material were transported to the Norwegian resistance forces. For many who departed to Great Britain this was the last stop, just as it was the first stop for many agents on the way into Norway.</p><br>
<p>In 1940, retreating British soldiers were hidden here, before being evacuated to Shetland in fishing boats. 1941 was the first year that Norwegian boats covered the route between Norway and Shetland. Leif Larsen (popularly known as Shetland Larsen), a famous Shetland Bus captain, was the first captain on this route. On November 17, 1943 the HNoMS Hitra, a converted USA submarine chaser, began to cover the route, shortly joined by the MS Bergholm.</p><br>
<p>Most allied activities on the northern coast lasted only 7&ndash;8 months, but Skorpa operated throughout the war. German soldiers made many house-to-house inspections, but never found any illegal equipment such as radios. A number of the residents were notably active in the resistance, including Gerhard and Sina Skorpen, who departed to England under the cover that they had drowned. Gerhard afterwards became a crew member of another converted USA submarine chaser, the KNM Vigra, upon which Leif Larsen served as skipper. At the close of the war they returned to Skorpa.</p><br>
<p>The Polist  is a river in Bezhanitsky District of Pskov Oblast and in Poddorsky and Starorussky District, as well as in the town of Staraya Russa of Novgorod Oblast of Russia. It is technically a tributary of the Lovat River though it forms a common river delta with the Lovat and the Pola at the mouth of the Lovat in Lake Ilmen. It is 176 km long, and the area of its basin 3,630 km&sup2;. The principal tributaries of the Polist are the Kholynya River  and the Porusya River . The town of Staraya Russa is located on the banks of the Polist.</p><br>
<p>The source of the Polist is in Lake Polisto in the east of Pskov Oblast, in the western part of the Valdai Hills. The upper course of the Polist id located in the Polist-Lovat Swamp System, one of the biggest raised bog areas in Europe. The Polist flows northeast, enters Novgorod Oblast, and joins the Lovat at its delta.</p><br>
<p>The river basin of the Polist comprises the eastern part of Bezhanitsky District, the northwestern halves of Poddorsky and Starorussky Districts, as well as minor areas in the east of Volotovsky District. The major part of Polistovsky Nature Reserve lies in the river basin of the Polist.</p><br>
<p>The Polist is navigable downstream of Staraya Russa, there is however no regular passenger navigation.</p><br>
<p>Until the 1980s the Polist was used for timber rafting.</p><br>
<p>Great Knoutberry Hill, also commonly known as Widdale Fell, is a mountain located near Dent at the heads of Ribblesdale, Dentdale and Wensleydale in the Yorkshire Dales National Park. The Cumbria/North Yorkshire border runs over the fell. At a height of 672 m above sea level it is the 16th-highest fell in the Yorkshire Dales, with Rogan&#39;s Seat being exactly the same height.</p><br>
<p>Great Knoutberry Hill is an imposing sight for anyone walking on the Dales Way Long Distance Footpath on long road section from Ribblesdale to Dent Head. The best approach to its summit is from this section of the Dales Way by leaving the path at Stonehouse Farm and following the Arten Gill path up Dent Fell towards Widdale and leaving it to complete the ascent before returning in the direction one came.</p><br>
<p>The views are pleasant with views centralised amongst the Yorkshire three peaks, to Wild Boar Fell and the Lakeland fells to the north.</p><br>
<p>The North Branch of the Contoocook River is a 17.9 mi river located in southwestern New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Contoocook River, part of the Merrimack River watershed.</p><br>
<p>The North Branch begins in a highland region of lakes, swamps, and intricate stream networks in the town of Stoddard, New Hampshire. The http://www.granit.sr.unh.edu New Hampshire GRANIT geographic information system places the beginning of the North Branch at the outlet of Rye Pond in the extreme southeast corner of Stoddard. Additional significant flow quickly arrives when the outlet of Highland Lake and Island Pond joins from the north. From here to Franklin Pierce Lake, the North Branch consists of a stairstep-like series of flatwater and wetlands interspersed with sections of whitewater that are popular among New England kayakers. Below Franklin Pierce Lake it is a short distance to the Contoocook River in Hillsborough. Beards Brook enters the North Branch in Hillsborough just upstream of the river&#39;s end at the Contoocook.</p><br>
<p>New Hampshire Route 9 follows the North Branch for most of the river&#39;s length.</p><br>
<p>The Warner River is a 20.3 mi river located in central New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Contoocook River, part of the Merrimack River watershed.</p><br>
<p>The Warner River begins at the outlet of Todd Lake in Bradford, New Hampshire, 300 meters upstream of the confluence of the West Branch. The river flows east, receiving the outlet of Lake Massasecum, and enters the town of Warner. The small river has a long whitewater section in western Warner, passing under the Waterloo Covered Bridge next to an old railroad station, then reaches Interstate 89, after which the river flattens and meanders over gravel bars. A small waterfall at Davisville interrupts the flatwater, which resumes to the river&#39;s end, just north of the village of Contoocook, New Hampshire, in the town of Hopkinton.</p><br>
<p>New Hampshire Route 103 follows the Warner River for most of the river&#39;s length.</p><br>
<p>Mount Gould is a peak on the Continental Divide in Glacier National Park, Montana, United States. It is the highest point of the Garden Wall, a distinctive ridge of the Lewis Range. It is most notable for its huge, steep east face, which drops 4,000 ft in only one-half mile . This face provides a backdrop to Grinnell Lake, and is often photographed.</p><br>
<p>The first recorded ascent of Mount Gould was in 1920, by Frank B. Wynn, Harry R. Horn, Henry H. Goddard, and party. They used the West Face route, which is the easiest and most commonly used route today. It starts from the Highline Trail, which skirts the west side of the peak, and involves some rock scrambling but no technical climbing.</p><br>
<p>Climbing the sheer East Face of Mount Gould is theoretically possible; however the brittle, loose nature of the rock in Glacier National Park makes the ascent highly technical, unpleasant, and dangerous.</p><br>
<p>Monte Brasil is the remnants of a tuff volcano  connecting the south coast of Terceira in the central Azores, overlooking the city of Angra do Heroísmo. Monte Brasil is flanked by two bays: the Bay of Angra  to its east, and the Bay of Fanal to its west, and was used as a defensive point during the history of Angra, resulting in the construction of various forts and redoubts, including the Fortress of São João Baptista overlooking the city.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The formation of Monte Brasil was the result of various eruptions of the Guilherme Moniz volcano, a large central volcano on the island of Terceira, this difficult to identify owing to subsequent eruptions and lava flows. Although this structure is eroded, there is considerable evidence of its influence, including, specifically:</p><br>
<p>a number of trachyte domes and basaltic eruptive centres around the interior</p><br>
<p>two Surtseyan cones: Monte Brasil and the Cabras Islets; and</p><br>
<p>several ignimbrite deposits, including the Castelinho, that range to 23000 years of age.</p><br>
<p>An undated human presence on the mount includes artificial cavities located along the hill to provide shelter, but with little vestiges of formal use. Although those on Pico do Zimbreiro are vacant, similar spaces on the roadways to the caldera and Caminho das Belas-donas have bunks along the interior walls. Another grotto on the roadway that skirts the Fort of São Diogo indicates its use as place to collect and store water, including channels, taps and reservoir.</p><br>
<p>Some specialists have speculated that these cavities have been created by ancient cultures, e.g. Phoenicians. These chambers are not suitable for habitation but could be used as simple structures for Phoenician shrines. Such discovery would testify the presence of ancient cultures in Azores long before Portuguese. There are offered also other explanations, e.g. chambers were created in medieval times for the needs of military or agriculture.</p><br>
<p>At the end of the 16th century (around 1590), Monte Brasil was occupied by an estate/farm owned by Manuel do Rego da Silveira and several fortifications, including the Forts of São Benedito and Santo António (towards Angra) and the Fort of São Diogo (in the direction of the Bay of Fanal). The existence of reservoir and staircase, in addition to springs already identified in the 16th century cartography, reinforces the importance of Monte Brasil during this time.</p><br>
<p>From this point forward many of the rock deposits (boulders/rock) from the volcano&#39;s submarine eruptions were used in the construction of the forts and defences along the coast of the islands. Writing in his epic tome Saudades da Terra, the humanist theologian Gaspar Frutuoso, while describing Angra:</p><br>
<p>Between the 16th and 17th century, the construction of a system of fortified structures that would be the nucleus of the Fortress of São Filippe/São João Baptista do Monte Brasil. Its main fortification hugs the northern slope of Monte Brasil, but includes 4 km of redoubts, emplacements and garrisons around the flanks of the volcano, including the Fort of Zimbreiro, Fort of Santo António, Fort of São Diogo and Fort of Quebrada. Many of the road accesses to Pico do Facho, Pico das Cruzinhas and Pico do Zimbreiro, in addition to the caldera and coastal forts were opened during this period, giving access to most of the peninsula. On Pico do Facho, starting in this period and extending to the 20th century, was a house and semaphore signalling post along with several military structures, including excavations in the ground (channels and rectangular depressions) representing complex installations associated with these activities.</p><br>
<p>In the 19th century, the area around the Fort of São Diogo was improved and remodelled in order to support the construction of military batteries, during the Liberal Wars.</p><br>
<p>At the beginning of the Second World War, structures were constructed on the summit of Monte Brasil to support coastal defences of the Azores, during a time when open warfare existed between the Allies and Axis. Buildings to garrison troops and munitions, including several artillery and anti-aircraft emplacements were established to protect the city from assumed submarine/naval attacks on Pico das Cruzinhas and Pico do Facho.</p><br>
<p>In order safeguard the dynamic ecosystem of the region, the regional government established the Nature Park of Terceira (on 20 April 2011), that included the classification of Monte Brasil for the protection of the marine environment. The Área Marinha Protegida de Gestão de Recursos do Monte Brasil (Protected Marine Resource Management Area of Monte Brasil) was established to protect the biodiversity of the fauna and marine habitats that included areas of submerse and semi-submersed grottos that exist along the cliffs.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>With its imposing point over the city, there are several lookouts situated along its edges that provide panoramic views of the island, including: the Angra marina, the coasts of Porto Judeu and Ribeirinha, the islets in the east, and to the west from the Bay of Fanal, towards Villa Maria until the parish of São Mateus da Calheta. From its summit, on exceptionally clear days it is possible to view São Jorge and Pico, while towards the interior, apart from the various parishes that comprise the city of Angra, there are views of the volcano of Santa Bárbara (the highest point on the island), near the Serra do Morião.</p><br>
<p>Geologically, Monte Brasil is a 3 km wide, tuff cone resulting from a basaltic submarine eruption. The internal structure of this volcano, which is 205 m in height above sea level (at Pico das Cruzinhas), is marked by layers of basaltic pyroclasts of various thicknesses (between centimetres and metres thick) forming a lithificated palagonite tuff.</p><br>
<h3>Biome</h3><br>
<p>The islands temperate climate and Monte Brasils micro-climate allows the growth of a rich vegetation and woody plants, including Azores laurel (Laurus azorica), local heather (Erica azorica), Faya (Myrica faya), African boxwood (Myrsine africana) and the common Azorean juniper (Juniperus brevifolia). The introduction of new species on the island, the resulting deforestation of local areas for shelter and agriculture during settlement, meant that many endemic plants were overrun by exotic species.</p><br>
<p>Due to great trans-Atlantic distances from the islands few natural mammals species exist on the islands of the Azores. Those animals that live on Monte Brasil, therefore were stowaways on ancient ships from Europe, introduced into the islands for game food or species that were blown out to sea: these include rat (Rattus rattus), least weasels (Mustela nivalis), rabbit (Oryctogalus cuniculus) and the endemic Azorean bat (Nyctalus azoreumi).</p><br>
<p>Of the sedentary bird species the hawk (Buteo buteo rothschild) is the most notable, along with the Atlantic canary (Serinus canaria), common House Sparrow (Passer domesticus), Rock Dove (Columba livia), Atlantic European Goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis parva) and the Azorean subspecies of Common blackbird (Turdus merula azorensis). Migratory and marine birds are more common in the islands of the Azores, resulting in the identification of several species including approximately 37 nesting species on Monte Brasil annually (28 land and eight marine species). During the summer, and especially along the mounts southern coast there are large bands of nesting species of Corys Shearwater (Calonectris diomedea), Common Tern (Sterna hirundo), and the ubiquitous Caspian Gull (Larus cachinnans).</p><br>
<p>Lato  was an ancient city of Crete, the ruins of which are located approximately 3 km from the small town of Kritsa.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Dorian city-state was built in a defensible position overlooking Mirabello Bay between two peaks, both of which became acropolises to the city. Although the city probably predates the arrival of the Dorians, the ruins date mainly from the Dorian period (5th and 4th centuries BCE). The city was destroyed c. 200 BCE, but its port (Lato Etera or Lato pros Kamara), located near Agios Nikolaos was in use during Roman rule. This has led to the confusion, repeated by Stephanus of Byzantium quoting Xenion, a Cretan historian, that Kamara and Lato were one and the same. Modern scholarship distinguishes the two.</p><br>
<p>The city most likely was named after the goddess Leto (of which Lato is the usual Doric form) and may be mentioned in Linear B tablets as RA-TO. Lato also minted coins in antiquity, bearing the likeness of the goddess Eileithyia who appears to have been the one particularly worshipped at Lato.</p><br>
<p>Nearchus, admiral of Alexander the Great, was born at Lato.</p><br>
<p>Hale Springs Inn, built in 1824 on the Courthouse Square in Rogersville, Tennessee, was the oldest continuously-operated Inn in Tennessee.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>The Inn was originally built in 1824-25 by John McKinney, a local lawyer and businessman, to compete with the tavern operated by the founder of Rogersville, Joseph Rogers. Rogers&#39; Tavern was originally located a few hundred feet off the Great Stage Road that ran through the new town to Knoxville, Tennessee toward the Cumberland Gap. In 1815, Rogers built a newer building directly on the Stage Road; neither building, however, was very substantial, and there were minimal guest rooms.</p><br>
<p>McKinneys plan was to build a larger, brick inn directly on the road to compete with both of Rogers buildings. In 1823, he began construction on a massive, three-story, Federal style building that would house facilities for a true tavern bar, but also individual guest rooms on the different floors. The building also featured an impressive balcony over its door that would feature prominently later in its history.</p><br>
<h2>Distinguished guests</h2><br>
<p>During the nineteenth century, the Inn played host to many famous personages as they made their way into the thriving new state of Tennessee. Among them were United States Presidents Andrew Jackson, James K. Polk, and Andrew Johnson.</p><br>
<p>Jackson stayed at the Inn shortly after its completion, while he was still President; he used its balcony to address a crowd of Rogersvillians in a political speech. McKinney, the Inns owner, saw this as a publicity coup over rival and town-founder, Joseph Rogers, who had also petitioned the President to stay at his Tavern. The deciding factor in Jacksons mind, according to letters from the time, was the balcony over the Inn&#39;s main door.</p><br>
<h2>American Civil War</h2><br>
<p>During the American Civil War, East Tennessee and her citizens were deeply divided over the issues of slavery, States rights, and secession that ultimately led to Tennessees break with the Union.</p><br>
<p>This conflict was reflected by the buildings Rogersville&#39;s occupiers chose when they controlled the town. Early in the war, Union forces captured the town, and during their occupation, they set their headquarters in the Hale Springs Inn, which was on the south side of Main Street, but faced north.</p><br>
<p>When the Confederacy retook Rogersville in early 1863 during the Battle of Big Creek, they established their headquarters in the building across the street from the Inn, the Kyle House—which was on the north side of Main Street, but faced south.</p><br>
<p>When the inn closed in 1998 it was Tennessee&#39;s oldest continuously operated inn. In 2003 the Rogersville Heritage Association purchased the inn and, in cooperation with city government, launched a renovation effort which surpassed US$2.1 million as of early 2009. Completion and reopening of the inn is projected for June 2009.</p><br>
<p>During the renovation the rear addition, built in 1870, partially fell and was demolished, leaving only the original 1824 main structure. Builders salvaged brick from the 1870 rear addition for use on the exterior of the new rear addition/kitchen under construction in late 2008 and early 2009.</p><br>
<h2>Twentieth century</h2><br>
<p>After the divisive war, the name of the Inn was changed to Hale Springs Hotel, and it began to serve as a stopping point for tourists who were on their way to see nearby Hale Springs Resort, a famous hot mineral springs near Rogersville.</p><br>
<p>The Inn continued to serve as a hotel until it closed briefly in 1980, when it was purchased, fully restored to its 1820-30s appearance, and reopened as Hale Springs Inn.</p><br>
<h2>Crown jewel</h2><br>
<p>After its owner, Captain Carl Netherland-Brown closed the Inn in 1999, the Rogersville Heritage Association decided to purchase the Inn and continue to operate it as an inn, while discontinuing the function of its kitchen, dining area and garden, focusing on the history of its previous inhabitants as the crown jewel of the downtown Rogersville Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Inn is undergoing extensive renovations through a public-private joint venture of the Town of Rogersville and the Rogersville Heritage Association.</p><br>
<p>The Hale Springs Inn re-opened in 2009 and has since operated as an Inn, with 9 spacious guestrooms, and also houses McKinney&#39;s Restaurant and Tavern. Anyone is welcome to stop in and tour the beautifully restored Inn and have lunch or dinner. The Inn is also available to be rented out for Weddings, Reunions, and more.</p><br>
<h2>National Register of Historic Places</h2><br>
<p>The Inn is not listed as an entry on the National Register of Historic Places, but it is recognized as a contributing property of the Rogersville Historic District. As such, it is a historically significant component of the district included on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>Andes Station, branch MP 8.45, was the busiest railroad station on the Delaware and Northerns Andes Branch, serving the bustling Village of Andes, and was also at the branchs northern terminus. It was fully erected, including minor details, in 1907, a year after the branch opened up.</p><br>
<p>The station was abandoned when the Delaware & Northern abandoned the Andes branch in 1921, and was left to a poor fate. It was then purchased by the Decker family for their lumber, hardware and feed store and was used to store inventory. The Decker family donated the depot building and property to the Town of Andes. It has been restored by the town and now houses an auditorium type space to be used to show historical movies and programming.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>The Depot building is a few steps away from the trailhead of the.</p><br>
<p>The Tintic Standard Reduction Mill&mdash;also known as the Tintic Mill or Harold Mill&mdash;built in 1920, and only operating from 1921 to 1925, is an abandoned refinery or concentrator located on the west slope of Warm Springs Mountain near Goshen, Utah, in the United States. Metals processed at the mill included copper, gold, silver, and lead, all of which were received from another mill near Eureka, Utah. The metal content of ore was increased through the process to make transportation less expensive. The reducing process used was an acid-brine chloridizing and leaching process which became outdated, leading to the abandonment of the site in 1925. At the mill&#39;s highest productivity it processed 200 tons of ore yearly from the Tintic Mining District.</p><br>
<p>What remains of the mill are foundations for water tanks, crushers, roasters, iron boxes, leaching tanks, and drain boxes. The site dominates the surrounding landscape with its size and unique colors and shapes.</p><br>
<p>It was designed and built by W. C. Madge. It is significant as the only American mill using the Augustin process during the early 1920s.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>It has been speculated that the mill may be the contributor of heavy metal pollution in the Goshen Warm Springs which lie below it.</p><br>
<p>The Fowler River is a 6.1 mi river located in central New Hampshire in the United States. It is an inflow to Newfound Lake, part of the Pemigewasset River and therefore Merrimack River watersheds. Below Bog Brook, the Fowler River is subject to the New Hampshire Comprehensive Shoreland Protection Act.</p><br>
<p>The river begins as Clark Brook on the east slopes of Mount Cardigan in the town of Alexandria, New Hampshire, dropping over Welton Falls. The brook becomes the Fowler River with the juncture of Chesley Brook from the north, at which point the river valley widens and begins to support small agricultural operations. The Fowler River flows southeast to a junction with Bog Brook, where it turns north and flows one mile to Newfound Lake.</p><br>
<p>The Lost River  is a 6.5 mi stream located in the White Mountains of New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Pemigewasset River, part of the Merrimack River watershed.</p><br>
<p>The Lost River begins in Kinsman Notch, one of the major passes through the White Mountains. As it flows through the notch, it passes through Lost River Gorge, an area where enormous boulders falling off the flanking walls of the notch at the close of the last Ice Age have covered the river, creating a network of boulder caves. The gorge is owned by the Society for the Protection of New Hampshire Forests and is operated as a tourist attraction, with trails and ladders accessing many of the caves.</p><br>
<p>The river flows southeast from Kinsman Notch, turning northeast when joined by Jackman Brook. At this point, the river becomes known as Moosilauke Brook on USGS maps, the name referring to Mount Moosilauke, the 4,810 ft mountain which rises over the western wall of Kinsman Notch. The river flows through the granite gorge of Agassiz Basin and joins the Pemigewasset River in the village of North Woodstock.</p><br>
<p>New Hampshire Route 112 follows the Lost River/Moosilauke Brook for the stream&#39;s entire length.</p><br>
<p>Whitehorse Mountain is a peak near the western edge of the North Cascades in Washington state. It is located just southwest of the Sauk River Valley town of Darrington, near the northern boundary of Boulder River Wilderness in Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest. While not of particularly high absolute elevation, even for the North Cascades, it is notable for its large, steep local relief. For example, its north face rises 6,000 feet  in only 1.8 mi .</p><br>
<p>Whitehorse Mountain was first climbed in 1909 by Nels Bruseth. The standard route on the peak is via the Northwest Shoulder, which begins with a difficult trail hike, involves a good deal of snow climbing, and culminates with some exposed scrambling. The net elevation gain is about 6,000 ft, making this a strenuous outing. Other routes include the Whitehorse Glacier on the north side of the peak, the East Ridge, and the Southeast Ridge.</p><br>
<p>The mountain was known as "So-bahli-ahli" in the Lushootseed language used by local Coast Salish tribes, meaning a "lofty lady from the east". It was named by Darrington postmaster W. C. Hiles in 1894, who noted that a snowpatch on the mountain resembled a white horse owned by pioneer Fred Olds that the townspeople were searching for.</p><br>
